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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2016-3945: Multiple integer overflows in the (1) cvt_by_strip and (2) cvt_by_tile functions in the tiff2rgba tool in LibTIFF 4.0.6 and earlier, when -b…

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 3.5% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 89.4% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: tiff (Debian:12) 4.0.7-1; tiff (Debian:7) 4.0.2-6+deb7u9; tiff3 (Debian:7) 3.9.6-11+deb7u1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to tiff (Debian:12) 4.0.7-1; tiff (Debian:7) 4.0.2-6+deb7u9; tiff3 (Debian:7) 3.9.6-11+deb7u1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Multiple integer overflows in the (1) cvt_by_strip and (2) cvt_by_tile functions in the tiff2rgba tool in LibTIFF 4.0.6 and earlier, when -b mode is enabled, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted TIFF image, which triggers an out-of-bounds write.

Published
Sep 21, 2016
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
3.5% · 89th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 3.5%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
libtifflibtiff
oraclevm server

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • libtiff libtiffup to 4.0.6 inclusive
  • oracle vm server3.3
  • oracle vm server3.4

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12tiffbefore 4.0.7-14.0.7-1
Debian:7tiffbefore 4.0.2-6+deb7u94.0.2-6+deb7u9
Debian:7tiff3before 3.9.6-11+deb7u13.9.6-11+deb7u1
Debian:8tiffbefore 4.0.3-12.3+deb8u24.0.3-12.3+deb8u2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:6::clientlibtiffbefore 0:3.9.4-18.el6_80:3.9.4-18.el6_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:6::clientlibtiff-debuginfobefore 0:3.9.4-18.el6_80:3.9.4-18.el6_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:6::clientlibtiff-develbefore 0:3.9.4-18.el6_80:3.9.4-18.el6_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:6::clientlibtiff-staticbefore 0:3.9.4-18.el6_80:3.9.4-18.el6_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientlibtiffbefore 0:4.0.3-25.el7_20:4.0.3-25.el7_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientlibtiff-debuginfobefore 0:4.0.3-25.el7_20:4.0.3-25.el7_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientlibtiff-develbefore 0:4.0.3-25.el7_20:4.0.3-25.el7_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientlibtiff-staticbefore 0:4.0.3-25.el7_20:4.0.3-25.el7_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientlibtiff-toolsbefore 0:4.0.3-25.el7_20:4.0.3-25.el7_2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1tiffbefore 4.0.6-31.14.0.6-31.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 11 SP4tiffbefore 3.8.2-141.169.3.13.8.2-141.169.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 11 SP4tiffbefore 3.8.2-141.168.13.8.2-141.168.1

Same product

libtiff: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2006-3459Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the TIFF library (libtiff) before 3.8.2, as used in Adobe Reader 9.3.0 and other products, allow…
    47Plan
  • CVE-2004-1308Integer overflow in (1) tif_dirread.c and (2) tif_fax3.c for libtiff 3.5.7 and 3.7.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via…
    44Plan
  • CVE-2015-8668Heap-based buffer overflow in the PackBitsPreEncode function in tif_packbits.c in bmp2tiff in libtiff 4.0.6 and earlier allows remote…
    43Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2016-3186Apr 19, 2016 · Buffer overflow in the readextension function in gif2tiff.c in LibTIFF 4.0.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service…
    25Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2016-3632Sep 21, 2016 · The _TIFFVGetField function in tif_dirinfo.c in LibTIFF 4.0.6 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service…
    32Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2016-3990Sep 21, 2016 · Heap-based buffer overflow in the horizontalDifference8 function in tif_pixarlog.c in LibTIFF 4.0.6 and earlier allows remote attackers to…
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:tiff4.0.7-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:tiff33.9.6-11+deb7u1 · Debian:7Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libtiff0:4.0.3-25.el7_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libtiff-debuginfo0:4.0.3-25.el7_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libtiff-devel0:4.0.3-25.el7_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libtiff-static0:4.0.3-25.el7_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libtiff-tools0:4.0.3-25.el7_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::clientPackage registry (OSV)
suse:tiff4.0.6-31.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Not on record for this CVE: patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-190 · Integer Overflow or Wraparound

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records