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CVE-2025-43522· NVD / CVE Program· CNA apple

A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.

A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.3, macOS Tahoe 26.2. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.

LowCVSS 3.3 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Dec 12, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 1th percentile
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Action score

13

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
13 / 40 · 3.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
applemacos

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apple macosbefore 15.7.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apple macOS

    • before 15.7.3affected
    • before 26.2affected

Same product

apple: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-31200A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV
    75This week
  • CVE-2025-31201This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code.KEV
    73This week
  • CVE-2026-65400An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management.KEV
    69This week
  • CVE-1999-0590A system does not present an appropriate legal message or warning to a user who is accessing it.
    42Plan
  • CVE-2026-65381A validation issue existed in the entitlement verification.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-44148This issue was addressed with improved validation of file attributes.
    40Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-20699102 days apartA downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2025-435210 days apartA downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4339039 days apartA downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4346839 days apartA downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2025-43185136 days apartA downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions.
    22Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-347 · Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The verifier takes the algorithm to verify with from the token’s own header. Untrusted data ends up deciding its own verification rule.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-347 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey);

Fixed

ts
const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey, {  algorithms: ["RS256"],  issuer: "https://id.example.com",  audience: "portal",});

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records