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NVD / CVE Program· CNA WSO2

CVE-2025-12107: Server-Side Template Injection via Velocity Template Engine in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Remote Code Execution

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.67% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 52.1% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. Administrator privileges are required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The Velocity template engine, utilized by the affected product, accepts and processes template syntax without sufficient sanitization or validation of user-controlled input. This allows an authenticated administrator to inject arbitrary template syntax. Successful exploitation enables an attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary template code on the server. This can lead to significant security consequences, including remote code execution, manipulation of data, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.

HighCVSS 7.2 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Feb 19, 2026
Updated
Sep 3, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 52th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.2
CNA · WSO2
8.4
1.2 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-12107

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
wso2identity server

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • wso2 identity server5.11.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (WSO2). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • WSO2 Identity Server

    • before 5.11.0not affected
    • 5.11.0 and later · before 5.11.0.299affected
    • 6.0.0 and later · before 6.0.0.140affected
    • 6.1.0 and later · before 6.1.0.122affected

Same product

wso2: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2016-4311Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the XACML flow feature in WSO2 Identity Server 5.1.0 allows remote attackers to hijack th
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-10470Denial-of-Service via Magic Link Authentication in WSO2 Identity Server Allows Service Unavailability
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2018-8716WSO2 Identity Server before 5.5.0 has XSS via the dashboard, allowing attacks by low-privileged attackers.
    32Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-0672Sep 23, 2025 · Authentication Bypass in Multiple WSO2 Products via Stale FIDO Credential Association
    15Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1396Sep 26, 2025 · Username Enumeration in Multiple WSO2 Products with Multi-Attribute Login Enabled
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-12624Apr 16, 2026 · Improper Token Invalidation in WSO2 Identity Server Allows Access After Account Lock
    21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2025-0663149 days apartPotential cross-tenant account takeover vulnerability in Multiple WSO2 Products via Adaptive Authentication and Auto-Login
    27Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0672149 days apartAuthentication Bypass in Multiple WSO2 Products via Stale FIDO Credential Association
    15Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • Administrator privileges are required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-77 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records