NVD / CVE Program· CNA Zyxel

CVE-2024-12398: An improper privilege management vulnerability in the web management interface of the Zyxel WBE530 firmware versions through 7.00(ACLE.3) an

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.53% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

An improper privilege management vulnerability in the web management interface of the Zyxel WBE530 firmware versions through 7.00(ACLE.3) and WBE660S firmware versions through 6.70(ACGG.2) could allow an authenticated user with limited privileges to escalate their privileges to that of an administrator, enabling them to upload configuration files to a vulnerable device.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded

BDU:2025-00255

Published: Jan 13, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.5% · 44th percentile
CWE: CWE-269

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · Zyxel: 8.8; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
zyxel	nwa50ax firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa50ax_firmware
zyxel	nwa50ax	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa50ax
zyxel	nwa50ax pro firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa50ax_pro_firmware
zyxel	nwa50ax pro	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa50ax_pro
zyxel	nwa55axe firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa55axe_firmware
zyxel	nwa55axe	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa55axe
zyxel	nwa90ax firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa90ax_firmware
zyxel	nwa90ax	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa90ax
zyxel	nwa90ax pro firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa90ax_pro_firmware
zyxel	nwa90ax pro	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa90ax_pro
zyxel	nwa110ax firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:nwa110ax_firmware
zyxel	nwa110ax	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:nwa110ax

and 34 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

zyxel nwa110ax firmwarebefore 7.10\(abtg.1\)
zyxel nwa1123acv3 firmwarebefore 6.70\(abvt.6\)
zyxel nwa130be firmwarebefore 7.10\(acil.1\)
zyxel nwa210ax firmwarebefore 7.10\(abtd.1\)
zyxel nwa220ax-6e firmwarebefore 7.10\(acco.1\)
zyxel nwa50ax firmwarebefore 7.10\(abyw.1\)
zyxel nwa50ax pro firmwarebefore 7.10\(acge.1\)
zyxel nwa55axe firmwarebefore 7.10\(abzl.1\)
zyxel nwa90ax firmwarebefore 7.10\(accv.1\)
zyxel nwa90ax pro firmwarebefore 7.10\(acgf.1\)
zyxel usg lite 60ax firmwarebefore 2.10\(acip.0\)
zyxel wac500 firmwarebefore 6.70\(abvs.6\)
zyxel wac500h firmwarebefore 6.70\(abwa.6\)
zyxel wax300h firmwarebefore 7.10\(achf.1\)
zyxel wax510d firmwarebefore 7.10\(abtf.1\)
zyxel wax610d firmwarebefore 7.10\(abte.1\)
zyxel wax620d-6e firmwarebefore 7.10\(accn.1\)
zyxel wax630s firmwarebefore 7.10\(abzd.1\)
zyxel wax640s-6e firmwarebefore 7.10\(accm.1\)
zyxel wax650s firmwarebefore 7.10\(abrm.1\)

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Zyxel). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Zyxel WBE530 firmware
- <= 7.00(ACLE.3)affected
Zyxel WBE660S firmware
- <= 6.70(ACGG.2)affected

Same product

zyxel: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-6265A path traversal vulnerability in the file_upload-cgi CGI program of Zyxel NWA50AX PRO firmware version 7.10(ACGE.2) and earlier could allow
28Monitor
CVE-2024-1575The improper privilege management vulnerability in the Zyxel WBE660S firmware version 6.70(ACGG.3) and earlier versions could allow an authe
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-1575175 days apartThe improper privilege management vulnerability in the Zyxel WBE660S firmware version 6.70(ACGG.3) and earlier versions could allow an authe
26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-269 · Improper Privilege Management

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

To simplify setup, a service account is granted broad, cluster-wide permissions. The principle of least privilege is skipped during installation.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-269 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

yaml

1kind: ClusterRole
2rules:
3  - apiGroups: ["*"]
4    resources: ["*"]
5    verbs: ["*"]

Fixed

yaml

1kind: Role
2metadata:
3  namespace: lodos-system
4rules:
5  - apiGroups: ["apps"]
6    resources: ["deployments"]
7    verbs: ["get", "list", "update"]

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Abuse Elevation Control MechanismT1548

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-improper-privilege-management-vulnerability-in-aps-and-security-router-devices-01-14-2025

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records