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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

CVE-2026-77219: GNU Emacs < 31.0.91 Heap Over-Read via PBM/PPM/PGM Image Loader

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 27/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.12% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: GNU Emacs 31.0.91; azl3 emacs 29.4-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 29.4-6.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to GNU Emacs 31.0.91; azl3 emacs 29.4-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 29.4-6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

GNU Emacs before 31.0.91 contains an integer overflow in the PBM/PPM/PGM image loader that allows an attacker to leak heap memory contents by supplying a crafted image with large dimensions and an elevated max color index. The image loader multiplies image dimensions and channel count using signed integer arithmetic; for sufficiently large values, the result wraps to a negative number, bypassing the bounds check and causing the pixel reader to access heap memory past the end of the allocated buffer. The over-read contents are interpreted as pixel color values and rendered on screen.

MediumCVSS 6.9 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 21, 2026
Updated
Oct 12, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 2th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

27

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulnCheck
6.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-77219

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU Emacs

    • before 31.0.91affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10emacsbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
AlmaLinux:10emacs-commonbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
AlmaLinux:10emacs-filesystembefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
AlmaLinux:10emacs-lucidbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
AlmaLinux:10emacs-nwbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
AlmaLinux:8emacsbefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:8emacs-commonbefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:8emacs-filesystembefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:8emacs-lucidbefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:8emacs-noxbefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:8emacs-terminalbefore 1:26.1-15.el8_10.21:26.1-15.el8_10.2
AlmaLinux:9emacsbefore 1:27.2-18.el9_8.21:27.2-18.el9_8.2
AlmaLinux:9emacs-commonbefore 1:27.2-18.el9_8.21:27.2-18.el9_8.2
AlmaLinux:9emacs-filesystembefore 1:27.2-18.el9_8.21:27.2-18.el9_8.2
AlmaLinux:9emacs-lucidbefore 1:27.2-18.el9_8.21:27.2-18.el9_8.2
AlmaLinux:9emacs-noxbefore 1:27.2-18.el9_8.21:27.2-18.el9_8.2
Debian:12emacsfrom 0—
openSUSE:Leap 16.0emacsbefore 30.2-160000.3.130.2-160000.3.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacsbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacs-commonbefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacs-common-debuginfobefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacs-debuginfobefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacs-debugsourcebefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2emacs-filesystembefore 1:29.4-14.el10_2.31:29.4-14.el10_2.3

+32

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2007-6109Stack-based buffer overflow in emacs allows user-assisted attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly have unspe
    41Plan
  • CVE-2024-39331In Emacs before 29.4, org-link-expand-abbrev in lisp/ol.el expands a %(...) link abbrev even when it specifies an unsafe function, such as s
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2022-48337GNU Emacs through 28.2 allows attackers to execute commands via shell metacharacters in the name of a source-code file, because lib-src/etag
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-71393Aug 10, 2026 · Heap Buffer Overflow in GNU Emacs for Android
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-71394Aug 10, 2026 · Heap Use of Uninitialized Memory in GNU Emacs for Android
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-96269Sep 22, 2026 · GNU Emacs 28.1 through 31.1 allows arbitrary code execution upon opening a file, because an untrusted value of read-symbol-shorthands affect
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
GNU Emacs31.0.91Vendor (CNA)
azl3 emacs 29.4-6 on Azure Linux 3.029.4-6Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:emacs1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs1:27.2-18.el9_8.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-common1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-common1:27.2-18.el9_8.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-filesystem1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-filesystem1:27.2-18.el9_8.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-lucid1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-lucid1:27.2-18.el9_8.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-nox1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-nox1:27.2-18.el9_8.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-nw1:29.4-14.el10_2.3 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:emacs-terminal1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:emacs30.2-160000.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-common1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-common-debuginfo1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-debuginfo1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-debugsource1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-filesystem1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-gtk+x11-debuginfo1:29.4-14.el10_2.3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-lucid1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-lucid-debuginfo1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-nox1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-nox-debuginfo1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:emacs-terminal1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:emacs1:26.1-15.el8_10.2 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:emacs30.2-160000.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records