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CVE-2026-71869· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

CriticalCVSS 9.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 19, 2026
Updated
Sep 9, 2026
EPSS
0.7% · 50th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

37

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
37 / 40 · 9.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
9.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Affected systems

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • orval-labs orval

    • < 8.21.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmorvalbefore 8.21.08.21.0

Same product

orval-labs: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-96759orval before 8.29.0 Code Injection via operationId
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-96754orval @orval/hono before 8.29.0 Code Injection via OpenAPI Path
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-96758orval @orval/core before 8.28.0 Code Injection via Form-Data
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-96757orval before 8.29.0 Code Injection via unescaped OpenAPI media-type
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-96755orval @orval/effect 8.14.0 through 8.28.1 Code Injection
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-72717Orval: Import-time RCE via schema default -> zod module-level template literal
    37Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
orval-labs orval8.21.0 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
npm:orval8.21.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-626820 days apartOrval: RCE via servers[].url -> unescaped request-URL template literal (with getBaseUrlFromSpecification)
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-718640 days apartOrval: Import-time RCE via header parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod client
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-718650 days apartOrval: Import-time RCE via query parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod cli
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-718680 days apartOrval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-718710 days apartOrval: Import-time RCE via header-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-727170 days apartOrval: Import-time RCE via schema default -> zod module-level template literal
    37Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records