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NVD / CVE Program· CNA NLnet Labs

CVE-2026-55973: 'dns-error-reporting: yes' leads to stack buffer overflow

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.28% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: NLnet Labs Unbound 1.25.2; azl3 unbound 1.25.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.25.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to NLnet Labs Unbound 1.25.2; azl3 unbound 1.25.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.25.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.23.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when 'dns-error-reporting: yes' is set, the EDNS Report-Channel option (code 18) from the last upstream response is read and uses the option's length as the length of the agent domain. When a domain name check is performed on the agent domain, the returned lenght is not used and if the agent domain is followed by garbage, those bytes are moved onto the tail of the synthetic '_er.' report query name. That query name is later used in the iterator via a subquery to send out the DNS Error Report and when Unbound tries to walk that query name during 'find_closest_of_type()', it strips labels using the query name length rather than stopping at the embedded root, walks one byte past it, and feeds the first garbage byte to 'dname_query_hash()' as a label length writing over the stack variable 'labuf'. One ordinary upstream response from a delegated zone the attacker controls is sufficient to terminate the daemon.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 22, 2026
Updated
Oct 24, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 20th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · NLnet Labs
7.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
nlnetlabsunbound

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • nlnetlabs unbound1.23.0 and later · before 1.25.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (NLnet Labs). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • NLnet Labs Unbound

    • 1.23.0 and later · before 1.25.2affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10python3-unboundbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unboundbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unbound-anchorbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unbound-develbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unbound-dracutbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unbound-libsbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:10unbound-utilsbefore 1.24.2-7.el10_2.41.24.2-7.el10_2.4
AlmaLinux:9python3-unboundbefore 1.24.2-3.el9_8.41.24.2-3.el9_8.4
AlmaLinux:9unboundbefore 1.24.2-3.el9_8.41.24.2-3.el9_8.4
AlmaLinux:9unbound-develbefore 1.24.2-3.el9_8.41.24.2-3.el9_8.4
AlmaLinux:9unbound-dracutbefore 1.24.2-3.el9_8.41.24.2-3.el9_8.4
AlmaLinux:9unbound-libsbefore 1.24.2-3.el9_8.41.24.2-3.el9_8.4
Alpine:v3.22unboundfrom 1.23.0 · before 1.25.2-r01.25.2-r0
Debian:12unboundfrom 0—
Debian:13unboundbefore 1.26.1-0+deb13u11.26.1-0+deb13u1
Debian:14unboundbefore 1.25.2-11.25.2-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0unboundbefore 1.25.2-160000.1.11.25.2-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedunboundbefore 1.25.2-1.11.25.2-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2python3-unboundbefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2python3-unbound-debuginfobefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2unboundbefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2unbound-anchorbefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2unbound-anchor-debuginfobefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2unbound-debuginfobefore 0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.40:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4

+27

Same product

nlnetlabs: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-25042Unbound before 1.9.5 allows an out-of-bounds write via a compressed name in rdata_copy.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2019-25039Unbound before 1.9.5 allows an integer overflow in a size calculation in respip/respip.c.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2019-25038Unbound before 1.9.5 allows an integer overflow in a size calculation in dnscrypt/dnscrypt.c.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-55708Jul 22, 2026 · Privacy/configuration issue when adding local data in views through 'unbound-control'
    12Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-55717Jul 22, 2026 · 'serve-expired-client-timeout' and 'response-ip' CNAME redirect could lead to a crash
    23Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-55990Jul 22, 2026 · Packet of death for a DNSCrypt misconfigured Unbound
    23Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
NLnet Labs Unbound1.25.2Vendor (CNA)
azl3 unbound 1.25.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.01.25.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:python3-unbound1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound-anchor1.24.2-7.el10_2.4 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound-devel1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound-dracut1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound-libs1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:unbound-utils1.24.2-7.el10_2.4 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
alpine:unbound1.25.2-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
debian:unbound1.26.1-0+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:unbound1.25.2-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:python3-unbound0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3-unbound-debuginfo0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-anchor0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-anchor0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-anchor-debuginfo0:1.24.2-7.el10_2.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-debuginfo0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-debugsource0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-devel0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::crbPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-devel0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-dracut0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-dracut0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-libs0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-libs0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-libs-debuginfo0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-munin0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:unbound-utils0:1.25.2-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:unbound0:1.24.2-3.el9_8.4 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)

+1

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-20 · Improper Input Validation

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records