NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

CVE-2026-49496: Ghidra < 12.1 - Heap-Use-After-Free in SleighBuilder::generatePointerAdd via Vector Reallocation

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 27/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.

Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Ghidra before 12.1 contains a heap-use-after-free vulnerability in SleighBuilder::generatePointerAdd caused by iterator invalidation when PcodeCacher::allocateInstruction reallocates the issued vector. Attackers can trigger memory corruption by decompiling malicious binaries through the public Sleigh::oneInstruction C++ API, affecting downstream SLEIGH library consumers.

MediumCVSS 6.9 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded

Memory safety

Published: Jun 10, 2026
Updated: Oct 26, 2026
EPSS: 0.1% · 6th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: proof of concept
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · VulnCheck: 6.9; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
nsa	ghidra	cpe:2.3:a:nsa:ghidra

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

nsa ghidrabefore 12.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

nationalsecurityagency ghidra
- 12.1not affected
- before 12.1affected

Same product

nsa: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2019-16941NSA Ghidra through 9.0.4, when experimental mode is enabled, allows arbitrary code execution if the Read XML Files feature of Bit Patterns E
41Plan
CVE-2023-22671Ghidra/RuntimeScripts/Linux/support/launch.sh in NSA Ghidra through 10.2.2 passes user-provided input into eval, leading to command injectio
40Plan
CVE-2019-13625NSA Ghidra before 9.0.1 allows XXE when a project is opened or restored, or a tool is imported, as demonstrated by a project.prp file.
37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-52759Jun 10, 2026 · Ghidra < 12.1.1 - Denial of Service via Uncontrolled Memory Allocation in Mach-O Parser
26Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-49495Jun 10, 2026 · Ghidra 10.2 < 12.1 - Denial of Service via Circular Reference in Mach-O Export Trie Parser
26Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-49497Jun 10, 2026 · Ghidra < 12.1 - Path Traversal via .gnu_debuglink in DWARF External Debug File Resolution
18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

NationalSecurityAgency/ghidracommit 8a3018d

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Stefano Bonicatti (@Smjert)reporter

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-100503108 days apartGhidra through 12.1.4 Heap Use-After-Free in Decompiler
19Monitor
CVE-2026-527570 days apartGhidra < 12.1 - Heap-use-after-free in HighVariable::merge() during decompilation
18Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: P
Scope: X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/commit/8a3018d5efcb07d2ec40bacdd6063cb6f01c8edf

Show all references (1 more)

www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ghidra-heap-use-after-free-in-sleighbuilder-generatepointeradd-via-vector-reallocation

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records