NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

CVE-2026-4878: Libcap: libcap: privilege escalation via toctou race condition in cap_set_file()

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.20% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
Fixed version: azl3 libcap 2.69-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.69-14; azl3 libcap 2.69-14 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.69-14; cbl2 libcap 2.60-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.60-8.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 libcap 2.69-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.69-14; azl3 libcap 2.69-14 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.69-14; cbl2 libcap 2.60-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0 2.60-8 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

HighCVSS 7.0 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Published: Apr 9, 2026
Updated: Nov 4, 2026
EPSS: 0.2% · 11th percentile
CWE: CWE-367

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 28 / 40 · 7.0 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 7.0
CNA · redhat: 6.7; 0.3 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
libcap project	libcap	cpe:2.3:a:libcap_project:libcap
redhat	openshift container platform	cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_container_platform
redhat	enterprise linux	cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

libcap project libcapall versions
redhat enterprise linux10.0
redhat enterprise linux8.0
redhat enterprise linux9.0
redhat openshift container platform4.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.17
- 1791371080 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791371069 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791788287 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791970484 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.18
- 1791459707 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791459711 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791459759 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1789029076 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1791966259 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.20
- 1790598593 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Cost Management 4
- 1780946239 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1783539156 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2
- 1780681984 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3
- 1782352950 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1782352919 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1782353093 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1782352847 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2
- 1778101579 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1778156756 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1782159791 and laternot affected · rpm
- 1782166952 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- 0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 and laternot affected · rpm
- 0:2.69-7.el10_2.1 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support
- 0:2.69-7.el10_0.1 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- all versionsunknown
- all versionsunknown
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- all versionsunknown
- all versionsunknown
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- 0:2.48-6.el8_10.1 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	libcap	before 2.69-7.el10_1.1	2.69-7.el10_1.1
AlmaLinux:10	libcap	before 2.69-7.el10_2.1	2.69-7.el10_2.1
AlmaLinux:10	libcap-devel	before 2.69-7.el10_2.1	2.69-7.el10_2.1
AlmaLinux:10	libcap-devel	before 2.69-7.el10_1.1	2.69-7.el10_1.1
AlmaLinux:8	libcap	before 2.48-6.el8_10.1	2.48-6.el8_10.1
AlmaLinux:8	libcap-devel	before 2.48-6.el8_10.1	2.48-6.el8_10.1
AlmaLinux:9	libcap	before 2.48-10.el9_8.1	2.48-10.el9_8.1
AlmaLinux:9	libcap	before 2.48-10.el9_7.1	2.48-10.el9_7.1
AlmaLinux:9	libcap-devel	before 2.48-10.el9_8.1	2.48-10.el9_8.1
AlmaLinux:9	libcap-devel	before 2.48-10.el9_7.1	2.48-10.el9_7.1
Alpine:v3.20	libcap	before 2.78-r0	2.78-r0
Debian:12	libcap2	before 1:2.66-4+deb12u3	1:2.66-4+deb12u3
Debian:13	libcap2	before 1:2.75-10+deb13u1	1:2.75-10+deb13u1
Debian:14	libcap2	before 1:2.78-1	1:2.78-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0	libcap	before 2.73-160000.3.1	2.73-160000.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	libcap	before 2.78-1.1	2.78-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	libcap	before 0:2.69-7.el10_0.1	0:2.69-7.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	libcap-debuginfo	before 0:2.69-7.el10_0.1	0:2.69-7.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	libcap-debugsource	before 0:2.69-7.el10_0.1	0:2.69-7.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	libcap-devel	before 0:2.69-7.el10_0.1	0:2.69-7.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	libcap	before 0:2.69-7.el10_1.1	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	libcap-debuginfo	before 0:2.69-7.el10_1.1	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	libcap-debugsource	before 0:2.69-7.el10_1.1	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	libcap-devel	before 0:2.69-7.el10_1.1	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1

+47

Same product

libcap project: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-2603A vulnerability was found in libcap.
31Monitor
CVE-2023-2602A vulnerability was found in the pthread_create() function in libcap.
13Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
azl3 libcap 2.69-13 on Azure Linux 3.0	2.69-14 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 libcap 2.69-14 on Azure Linux 3.0	2.69-14 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 libcap 2.60-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0	2.60-8 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 libcap 2.60-7 on CBL-Mariner 2.0	2.60-8 · Release Notes	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:libcap	2.69-7.el10_1.1 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libcap-devel	2.69-7.el10_1.1 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
alpine:libcap	2.78-r0 · Alpine:v3.20	Package registry (OSV)
debian:libcap2	1:2.66-4+deb12u3 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:libcap	2.78-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:captree	0:2.78-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcap	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcap-debuginfo	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcap-debugsource	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcap-devel	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcap-static	0:2.78-1.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:libcap	0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 · Rocky Linux:10	Package registry (OSV)
suse:libcap	2.63-150400.3.6.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Ali Raza

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: High
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-367 · Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:48 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12423

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records