NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-46370: Fleet has observer-level enrollment secret extraction via ORDER BY oracle on labels host-listing endpoint

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 26/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.37% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: fleetdm fleet 4.84.2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to fleetdm fleet 4.84.2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Fleet is an open-source device management platform built on osquery. In versions up to and including 4.84.1, the labels host-listing endpoint (GET /api/v1/fleet/labels/{id}/hosts) allowed an authenticated user with the lowest-privilege Observer role to extract host enrollment secrets through a sort-order oracle. The endpoint accepted a user-supplied order_key parameter that was not validated against a column allowlist, so an attacker with Global or Team Observer access could set the sort column to a sensitive field such as h.node_key and combine it with the cursor-based after parameter to binary-search the value one character at a time; the targeted value never appeared in the response, but the presence or absence of results revealed each character. Because node_key and orbit_node_key are the long-lived shared secrets that osquery and Orbit agents use to authenticate to the Fleet server, an attacker who reconstructed them could impersonate enrolled hosts, submit fabricated query results and inventory, retrieve pending scripts and MDM commands, and poison compliance and policy results across the deployment. This issue is fixed in version 4.84.2.

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

SQL injection

Published: Aug 26, 2026
Updated: Sep 9, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 31th percentile
CWE: CWE-89

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 6.5; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

fleetdm fleet
- < 4.84.2affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Go	github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4	before 4.84.2	4.84.2

Same product

fleetdm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2020-26276SAML authentication vulnerability in Fleet
40Plan
CVE-2026-103264Fleet before 4.87.0 Authentication Bypass via Device Identifiers
37Monitor
CVE-2026-23518Fleet has a JWT signature bypass vulnerability in Azure AD MDM enrollment
37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-41262Aug 26, 2026 · Fleet: Cross-Team Policy Data Exposure via Global Policy Read Endpoint
17Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-48786Aug 26, 2026 · Fleet: Observer-class users can view team enroll secrets and credential-bearing configuration via target search endpoint
26Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-46371Aug 26, 2026 · Fleet: Observer-level enrollment secret extraction via ORDER BY oracle on Apple MDM commands endpoint
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
fleetdm fleet	4.84.2 · description	Vendor (CNA)
Go:github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4	4.84.2	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-542450 days apartFleet: SQL injection in Okta conditional access endpoint allows host-controlled compromise of the Fleet database
30Monitor
CVE-2026-463710 days apartFleet: Observer-level enrollment secret extraction via ORDER BY oracle on Apple MDM commands endpoint
26Monitor
CVE-2026-34386152 days apartFleet vulnerable to SQL injection in MDM bootstrap package by authenticated team or global admin
25Monitor
CVE-2026-34385152 days apartFleet's Apple MDM profile delivery has second-order SQL injection that can compromise the database
24Monitor
CVE-2026-26186182 days apartFleet has a SQL injection via backtick escape in ORDER BY parameter
20Monitor
CVE-2026-10104632 days apartFleet before 4.89.0 SQL Injection via ORDER BY Activity Endpoints
9Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2026-10326436 days apartFleet before 4.87.0 Authentication Bypass via Device Identifiers
37Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: none
Availability: none

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-89 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The query text is built by concatenating user input. The database cannot tell where the data ends and the command begins.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-89 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = '" + owner + "'"
4);

Fixed

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = $1",
4  [owner]
5);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

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Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:46 PM UTC

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References

github.com/fleetdm/fleet/security/advisories/GHSA-vxm7-9x8v-8gm4

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records