NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-45562: FreePBX: Authenticated Remote Code Execution in FreePBX Music on Hold (MoH) Module

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.36% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to versions 16.0.4 and 17.0.6, the FreePBX Music on Hold (MoH) module contains a critical security flaw that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands with the privileges of the Asterisk service. Authentication with an existing FreePBX administrator account is required. The root cause lies in the fact that the module accepts a POST parameter that defines a custom Asterisk application, which is then stored in the database without any sanitization. Later, this data is written directly to the musiconhold_additional.conf configuration file without validation. Since Asterisk reads this configuration file and executes the specified application, an attacker can inject arbitrary commands that will be executed with Asterisk's permissions. This issue has been patched in versions 16.0.4 and 17.0.6.

HighCVSS 7.7 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded

EUVD-2026-88385

Published: Sep 28, 2026
Updated: Oct 16, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 29th percentile
CWE: CWE-78

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 30 / 40 · 7.7 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 7.7; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
sangoma	freepbx	cpe:2.3:a:sangoma:freepbx

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

sangoma freepbx16.0 and later · before 16.0.4
sangoma freepbx17.0 and later · before 17.0.6

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

FreePBX security-reporting
- < 16.0.4, < 17.0.6affected

Same product

sangoma: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-57819FreePBX Affected by Authentication Bypass Leading to SQL Injection and RCEKEV
99Now
CVE-2019-19006Sangoma FreePBX 115.0.16.26 and below, 14.0.13.11 and below, 13.0.197.13 and below have Incorrect Access Control.KEV
86Now
CVE-2025-66039FreePBX Endpoint Manager Allows Unauthenticated Logins to Administrator Control Panel via Forged Basic Auth Header
60This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-73663Aug 13, 2026 · FreePBX: Unauthenticated SQL injection in FreePBX missedcall via inbound Caller ID name leads to administrator takeover
37Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-73665Aug 13, 2026 · FreePBX UCP: Unauthenticated remote code execution via socket.io namespace auth bypass and AMI action injection
37Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-54674Sep 28, 2026 · Authenticated Command Injection in FreePBX UCP Interface
34Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-28287207 days apartFreePBX: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Recordings Module AJAX Endpoints
37Monitor
CVE-2024-58294291 days apartFreePBX 16 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via API Module
35Monitor
CVE-2026-546740 days apartAuthenticated Command Injection in FreePBX UCP Interface
34Monitor
CVE-2026-756000 days apartFreePBX: Authenticated API generatedocs Host Command Injection
34Monitor
CVE-2026-7366246 days apartAuthenticated FreePBX Music RCE via mpg123 and Asterisk Call Files
30Monitor
CVE-2026-28209207 days apartFreePBX: Command Injection leading to Remote Code Execution in FreePBX ElevenLabs Text-to-Speech integration
30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-26-1205 · Sep 29, 2026(FreePBX Güvenlik Zafiyeti)

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const host = req.body.host;
2exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

1const host = req.body.host;
2if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);
3execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

SSVC exploitation— → noneSep 28, 2026, 8:49 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/FreePBX/security-reporting/security/advisories/GHSA-4g6v-whq9-944g

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records