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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-44295: protobufjs-cli: Code injection in pbjs static output from crafted schema names

HighCVSS 8.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.39% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: protobufjs protobuf.js 1.2.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to protobufjs protobuf.js 1.2.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

protobufjs-cli is the command line add-on for protobuf.js. Prior to 1.2.1 and 2.0.2, pbjs static code generation could emit unsafe JavaScript identifiers derived from schema-controlled names. When generating static JavaScript from a crafted schema or JSON descriptor, certain namespace, enum, service, or derived full names could be written into the generated output without sufficient sanitization. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.1 and 2.0.2.

Published
May 13, 2026
Updated
Nov 11, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 34th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.7
CNA · GitHub_M
8.7
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-44295

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
protobufjs projectprotobufjs-cli

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • protobufjs protobuf.js

    • >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.2, < 1.2.1affected

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • protobufjs project protobufjs-clibefore 1.2.1
  • protobufjs project protobufjs-cli2.0.0 and later · before 2.0.2

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmprotobufjs-clifrom 2.0.0 · before 2.0.22.0.2
npmprotobufjs-clibefore 1.2.11.2.1

Same product

protobufjs project: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-54271protobufjs-cli: Code injection in pbjs static output from crafted JSON descriptor names
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-42290protobufjs-cli: OS Command Injection
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
protobufjs protobuf.js1.2.1 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
npm:protobufjs-cli1.2.1Package registry (OSV)
npm:protobufjs-cli2.0.2Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-5427140 days apartprotobufjs-cli: Code injection in pbjs static output from crafted JSON descriptor names
    32Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records