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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-43996: OpenImageIO: Integer wraparound in bounds check of decode_pixel leads to out-of-bounds read in TGA paletted image decoder

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: AcademySoftwareFoundation OpenImageIO 3.0.18.0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to AcademySoftwareFoundation OpenImageIO 3.0.18.0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.18.0 and 3.1.13.0, the bounds check in TGAInput::decode_pixel computes k + palbytespp as unsigned 32-bit arithmetic. When k = 0xFFFFFFFC and palbytespp = 4, the addition wraps to 0, which compares less than palette_alloc_size and passes the check. The subsequent palette access uses the unwrapped k (0xFFFFFFFC) as the index, reading ~4 GB past the start of the palette buffer — SEGV. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.18.0 and 3.1.13.0.

Published
May 14, 2026
Updated
Oct 26, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
5.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-43996

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
openimageioopenimageio

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • AcademySoftwareFoundation OpenImageIO

    • < 3.0.18.0, >= 3.1.4.0-beta, < 3.1.13.0affected
Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • openimageio openimageiobefore 3.0.18.0
  • openimageio openimageio3.1.0.0 and later · before 3.1.13.0
  • openimageio openimageio3.2.0.0
  • openimageio openimageio3.2.0.2

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13openimageiofrom 0—
Debian:14openimageiobefore 3.1.18.0+dfsg-23.1.18.0+dfsg-2

Same product

openimageio: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-41838A code execution vulnerability exists in the DDS scanline parsing functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.4.2.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2022-41837An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO::add_exif_item_to_spec functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2022-41794A heap based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PSD thumbnail resource parsing code of OpenImageIO 2.3.19.0.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-43908May 14, 2026 · OpenImageIO: Signed integer overflow in ConvertCbYCrYToRGB leads to heap out-of-bounds write in DPX 4:2:2 decoder
    35Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-43909May 14, 2026 · OpenImageIO: Signed integer overflow in SwapRGBABytes loop index leads to out-of-bounds read/write in DPX ABGR decoder
    35Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-50291Sep 17, 2026 · OpenImageIO: Segmentation Fault in BmpInput::read_native_scanline (bmpinput.cpp:399)
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
AcademySoftwareFoundation OpenImageIO3.0.18.0 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
debian:openimageio3.1.18.0+dfsg-2 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-439090 days apartOpenImageIO: Signed integer overflow in SwapRGBABytes loop index leads to out-of-bounds read/write in DPX ABGR decoder
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59956127 days apartOpenImageIO: Heap-buffer-overread in IffInput::readimg() when ZBUFFER flag is set
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2026-50291126 days apartOpenImageIO: Segmentation Fault in BmpInput::read_native_scanline (bmpinput.cpp:399)
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63420127 days apartOpenImageIO: PSD RawColor indexed image out-of-bounds read in `interleave_row`
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63635127 days apartOpenImageIO: PSD RawColor invalid color mode causes global out-of-bounds read and allocation DoS
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-65969127 days apartOpenImageIO: TGA-to-GIF palette split signed overflow causes SIGSEGV
    22Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

All records