NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-42233: n8n: SQL Injection in Oracle Database Node via Limit Field

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 21/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.32% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: n8n (npm) 2.17.4, 2.18.1, 1.123.32.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Upgrade to n8n (npm) 2.17.4, 2.18.1, 1.123.32 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.32, 2.17.4, and 2.18.1, a flaw in the Oracle Database node's select operation allowed user-controlled input passed into the Limit field via expressions to be interpolated directly into the SQL query without sanitization or parameterization. In workflows where external input is passed into the Limit field (e.g., from a webhook), an attacker could inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from the connected Oracle database. This issue has been patched in versions 1.123.32, 2.17.4, and 2.18.1.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

SQL injection

Published: May 4, 2026
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 25th percentile
CWE: CWE-89

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 5.3; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
n8n	n8n	cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

n8n n8nbefore 1.123.32
n8n n8n2.17.0 and later · before 2.17.4
n8n n8n2.18.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

n8n-io n8n
- < 1.123.32, >= 2.17.0, < 2.17.4, >= 2.18.0, < 2.18.1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
npm	n8n	from 2.0.0 · before 2.17.4	2.17.4
npm	n8n	from 2.18.0 · before 2.18.1	2.18.1
npm	n8n	before 1.123.32	1.123.32

Same product

n8n: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-68613n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression InjectionKEV
95Now
CVE-2026-21858n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling
63This week
CVE-2026-1470Authenticated users can bypass the Expression sandbox mechanism to achieve full remote code execution on n8n’s main node.
45Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2026-42231May 4, 2026 · n8n: Prototype Pollution in XML Webhook Body Parser Leads to RCE
37Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2026-42232May 4, 2026 · n8n: XML Node Prototype Pollution to RCE
37Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-42234May 4, 2026 · n8n: Python Task Runner Sandbox Escape
28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
npm:n8n	1.123.32	Package registry (OSV)
npm:n8n	2.17.4	Package registry (OSV)
npm:n8n	2.18.1	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-2749768 days apartn8n has Potential Remote Code Execution via Merge Node
37Monitor
CVE-2026-4479250 days apartn8n: Source Control Pull SQL Injection
35Monitor
CVE-2026-3371340 days apartn8n Vulnerable to SQL Injection in Data Table Node via orderByColumn Expression
34Monitor
CVE-2026-77071108 days apartn8n before 1.123.69 PostgREST Filter Injection via Supabase
28Monitor
CVE-2026-5431050 days apartn8n: SQL Injection in Postgres v1/TimesclaeDB Nodes
26Monitor
CVE-2026-5431350 days apartn8n: NoSQL Injection in MongoDB Node Find And Replace Operation
26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2026-422300 days apartn8n: Open Redirect in MCP OAuth Consent Flow
20Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-26-0157 · May 5, 2026(n8n Otomasyon Güvenlik Zafiyeti)

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-89 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The query text is built by concatenating user input. The database cannot tell where the data ends and the command begins.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-89 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = '" + owner + "'"
4);

Fixed

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = $1",
4  [owner]
5);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:45 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-r6jc-mpqw-m755

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

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