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NVD / CVE Program· CNA CERT-PL

CVE-2026-41992: Global Buffer Overflow in GNU gzip

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 27/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.62% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 gzip 1.13-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.13-2; azl3 gzip 1.13-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.13-2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 gzip 1.13-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.13-2; azl3 gzip 1.13-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.13-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

GNU gzip contains a global buffer overflow vulnerability in the LZH decompression logic caused by improper reuse of shared global state between different decompression formats within a single execution. GNU gzip maintains a global array that is shared across the LZ77, LZW, and LZH decompression routines and is not reinitialized between files processed in the same invocation. By decompressing a specially crafted LZW file followed by a specially crafted LZH file in a single gzip -d command, an attacker can poison the shared global state and subsequently trigger an out‑of‑bounds read in the LZH decoder. The LZH decompression logic follows stale values left in the shared array, causing reads past the end of the allocated global buffer. This issue has been fixed in commits 63dbf6b3b9e6e781df1a6a64e609b10e23969681 and e7378c2d421be6a286922374425680bbe9ad8b7d.

MediumCVSS 6.9 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jun 29, 2026
Updated
Oct 25, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 49th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

27

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · CERT-PL
6.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-41992

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnugzip

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu gzipup to 1.14 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (CERT-PL). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU gzip

    • up to and including 1.14affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10gzipbefore 1.13-4.el10_21.13-4.el10_2
AlmaLinux:8gzipbefore 1.9-15.el8_101.9-15.el8_10
AlmaLinux:9gzipbefore 1.12-2.el9_81.12-2.el9_8
Alpine:v3.21gzipbefore 1.13-r11.13-r1
Alpine:v3.22gzipbefore 1.14-r21.14-r2
Alpine:v3.23gzipbefore 1.14-r31.14-r3
Debian:12gzipfrom 0—
Debian:13gzipbefore 1.13-1+deb13u11.13-1+deb13u1
Debian:14gzipbefore 1.14-11.14-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0gzipbefore 1.13-160000.4.11.13-160000.4.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgzipbefore 1.14-3.11.14-3.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2gzipbefore 0:1.13-4.el10_20:1.13-4.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2gzip-debuginfobefore 0:1.13-4.el10_20:1.13-4.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2gzip-debugsourcebefore 0:1.13-4.el10_20:1.13-4.el10_2
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosgzipbefore 0:1.9-15.el8_100:1.9-15.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosgzip-debuginfobefore 0:1.9-15.el8_100:1.9-15.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosgzip-debugsourcebefore 0:1.9-15.el8_100:1.9-15.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosgzipbefore 0:1.12-2.el9_80:1.12-2.el9_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosgzip-debuginfobefore 0:1.12-2.el9_80:1.12-2.el9_8
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosgzip-debugsourcebefore 0:1.12-2.el9_80:1.12-2.el9_8
Red Hat:hummingbird:1gzipbefore 0:1.15-1.hum10:1.15-1.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1gzipbefore 0:1.14-2.3.hum10:1.14-2.3.hum1
Rocky Linux:10gzipbefore 0:1.13-4.el10_20:1.13-4.el10_2
Rocky Linux:8gzipbefore 0:1.9-15.el8_100:1.9-15.el8_10

+6

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2004-0603gzexe in gzip 1.3.3 and earlier will execute an argument when the creation of a temp file fails instead of exiting the program, which could
    41Plan
  • CVE-2022-1271An arbitrary file write vulnerability was found in GNU gzip's zgrep utility.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2001-1228Buffer overflows in gzip 1.3x, 1.2.4, and other versions might allow attackers to execute code via a long file name, possibly remotely if gz
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2009-2624Jan 29, 2010 · The huft_build function in inflate.c in gzip before 1.3.13 creates a hufts (aka huffman) table that is too small, which allows remote attack
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2010-0001Jan 29, 2010 · Integer underflow in the unlzw function in unlzw.c in gzip before 1.4 on 64-bit platforms, as used in ncompress and probably others, allows
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-41991Jun 29, 2026 · Predictable Temporary File in GNU gzip
    8Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 gzip 1.13-1 on Azure Linux 3.01.13-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 gzip 1.13-2 on Azure Linux 3.01.13-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:gzip1.12-2.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
alpine:gzip1.13-r1 · Alpine:v3.21Package registry (OSV)
debian:gzip1.13-1+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gzip1.14-3.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:gzip0:1.14-2.3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gzip-debuginfo0:1.12-2.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:gzip-debugsource0:1.12-2.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:gzip0:1.12-2.el9_8 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
suse:gzip1.13-slfo.1.1_4.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-126 · Buffer Over-read

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Exploit maturitypoc → none
  2. Exploit maturitynone → poc
  3. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records