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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-40158: PraisonAI has Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') and Protection Mechanism Failure in praisonai

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.24% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: MervinPraison PraisonAI 4.5.128.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to MervinPraison PraisonAI 4.5.128 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI's AST-based Python sandbox can be bypassed using type.__getattribute__ trampoline, allowing arbitrary code execution when running untrusted agent code. The _execute_code_direct function in praisonaiagents/tools/python_tools.py uses AST filtering to block dangerous Python attributes like __subclasses__, __globals__, and __bases__. However, the filter only checks ast.Attribute nodes, allowing a bypass. The sandbox relies on AST-based filtering of attribute access but fails to account for dynamic attribute resolution via built-in methods such as type.getattribute, resulting in incomplete enforcement of security restrictions. The string '__subclasses__' is an ast.Constant, not an ast.Attribute, so it is never checked against the blocked list. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 10, 2026
Updated
Oct 26, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 15th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · GitHub_M
8.6
0.8 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
praisonpraisonai

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • praison praisonaibefore 4.5.128

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • MervinPraison PraisonAI

    • < 4.5.128affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
PyPIpraisonaibefore 4.5.1284.5.128

Same product

praison: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-40114PraisonAI has Server-Side Request Forgery via Unvalidated webhook_url in Jobs API
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-39305Arbitrary File Write / Path Traversal in Action Orchestrator
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-34955PraisonAI: Sandbox Escape via shell=True and Bypassable Blocklist in SubprocessSandbox
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-40156Apr 10, 2026 · PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-40157Apr 10, 2026 · PraisonAI affected by arbitrary file write via path traversal in `praisonai recipe unpack`
    37Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-40159Apr 10, 2026 · PraisonAI Exposes Sensitive Environment Variable via Untrusted MCP Subprocess Execution
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
MervinPraison PraisonAI4.5.128 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
PyPI:praisonai4.5.128Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-398912 days apartPraisonAI has a Template Injection in Agent Tool Definitions
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-402874 days apartPraisonAI has RCE via Automatic tools.py Import
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-4433428 days apartPraisonAI: Unauthenticated RCE via `tool_override.py`
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-401560 days apartPraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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