cryptography has a buffer overflow if non-contiguous buffers were passed to APIs
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 27/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.75% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 54.7% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: pyca cryptography 46.0.7.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to pyca cryptography 46.0.7 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. From 45.0.0 to before 46.0.7, if a non-contiguous buffer was passed to APIs which accepted Python buffers (e.g. Hash.update()), this could lead to buffer overflows. This vulnerability is fixed in 46.0.7.
- Published
- Apr 8, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 10, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.7% · 54th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-119
Report tools
Action score
27
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 6.9
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| cryptography.io | cryptography | cpe:2.3:a:cryptography.io:cryptography |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- cryptography.io cryptography45.0.0 and later · before 46.0.7
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
pyca cryptography
- >= 45.0.0, < 46.0.7affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.23 | py3-cryptography | from 45.0.0 · before 46.0.7-r0 | 46.0.7-r0 |
| Debian:14 | python-cryptography | before 46.0.7-1 | 46.0.7-1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | python-cryptography | before 46.0.7-1.1 | 46.0.7-1.1 |
| PyPI | cryptography | from 45.0.0 · before 46.0.7 | 46.0.7 |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | python3.12-click | before 0:8.3.3-1.el8ap | 0:8.3.3-1.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | python3.12-cryptography | before 0:46.0.7-1.el8ap | 0:46.0.7-1.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | receptor | before 0:1.6.5-1.el8ap | 0:1.6.5-1.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 | python3.12-click | before 0:8.3.3-1.el9ap | 0:8.3.3-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 | python3.12-cryptography | before 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap | 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 | receptor | before 0:1.6.5-1.el9ap | 0:1.6.5-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10 | python3-click | before 0:8.3.3-1.el10ap | 0:8.3.3-1.el10ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | automation-controller | before 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap | 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | automation-controller-cli | before 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap | 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | python3.12-cryptography-debuginfo | before 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap | 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | python3.12-cryptography-debugsource | before 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap | 0:46.0.7-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | receptorctl | before 0:1.6.5-1.el9ap | 0:1.6.5-1.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | automation-controller-venv-tower | before 0:4.6.29-2.el8ap | 0:4.6.29-2.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | automation-gateway-proxy-server | before 0:2.5.10-6.el8ap | 0:2.5.10-6.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | automation-gateway-server | before 0:2.5.20260422-3.el8ap | 0:2.5.20260422-3.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | python3.12-pillow | before 0:12.2.0-1.el8ap | 0:12.2.0-1.el8ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 | automation-controller-venv-tower | before 0:4.6.29-2.el9ap | 0:4.6.29-2.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 | automation-gateway-proxy-server | before 0:2.6.14-3.el9ap | 0:2.6.14-3.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 | automation-gateway-server | before 0:2.5.20260422-3.el9ap | 0:2.5.20260422-3.el9ap |
| Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 | python3.12-pillow | before 0:12.2.0-1.el9ap | 0:12.2.0-1.el9ap |
+16
Same product
cryptography.io: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2020-36242In the cryptography package before 3.3.2 for Python, certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result38Monitor
- CVE-2026-26007cryptography Subgroup Attack Due to Missing Subgroup Validation for SECT Curves32Monitor
- CVE-2016-9243HKDF in cryptography before 1.5.2 returns an empty byte-string if used with a length less than algorithm.digest_size.31Monitor
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-49083Nov 29, 2023 · cryptography vulnerable to NULL-dereference when loading PKCS7 certificates30Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-26130Feb 21, 2024 · cryptography NULL pointer deference with pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates when called with a non-matching certificate and private key and an hmac_hash over30Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2026-34073Mar 31, 2026 · cryptography has incomplete DNS name constraint enforcement on peer names6Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| pyca cryptography | 46.0.7 · description | Vendor (CNA) |
| alpine:py3-cryptography | 46.0.7-r0 · Alpine:v3.23 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python-cryptography | 46.0.7-1 · Debian:14 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:python-cryptography | 46.0.7-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:cryptography | 46.0.7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-controller | 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-controller-cli | 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-controller-server | 0:4.7.12-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-controller-venv-tower | 0:4.6.29-2.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-gateway-proxy-server | 0:2.5.10-6.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-gateway-server | 0:2.5.20260422-3.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:automation-platform-ui | 0:2.6.9-1.el9ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3-click | 0:8.3.3-1.el10ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.12-click | 0:8.3.3-1.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.12-cryptography | 0:46.0.7-1.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:python3.12-pillow | 0:12.2.0-1.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:receptor | 0:1.6.5-1.el8ap · Red Hat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Overflow BuffersCAPEC-100likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer ManipulationCAPEC-123likelihood: High · Very High
- Client-side Injection-induced Buffer OverflowCAPEC-14likelihood: Medium · High
- Filter Failure through Buffer OverflowCAPEC-24likelihood: High · High
- MIME ConversionCAPEC-42likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Binary Resource FileCAPEC-44likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer Overflow via Symbolic LinksCAPEC-45likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (19 more)Show less
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/12
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19375
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20338
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21017
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22465
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22629
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22840
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23361
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24483
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24762
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24853
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24866
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43651
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.