Skip to content
Noroxi
CVE-2026-28458· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

OpenClaw 2026.1.20 < 2026.2.1 - Missing Authentication in Browser Relay /cdp WebSocket Endpoint

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.46% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: openclaw (npm) 2026.2.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to openclaw (npm) 2026.2.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

OpenClaw version 2026.1.20 prior to 2026.2.1 contains a vulnerability in the Browser Relay (extension must be installed and enabled) /cdp WebSocket endpoint in which it does not require authentication tokens, allowing websites to connect via loopback and access sensitive data. Attackers can exploit this by connecting to ws://127.0.0.1:18792/cdp to steal session cookies and execute JavaScript in other browser tabs.

HighCVSS 7.4 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 5, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 39th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulnCheck
7.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-28458

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

Your free account also gets you

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every MondayDon't want an account? RSS feed for openclaw records

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
openclawopenclaw

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • openclaw openclaw2026.1.20 and later · before 2026.2.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • OpenClaw OpenClaw

    • 2026.1.20 and later · before 2026.2.1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmmoltbotup to and including 0.1.0—
npmopenclawfrom 2026.1.20 · before 2026.2.12026.2.1

Same product

openclaw: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-25253OpenClaw (aka clawdbot or Moltbot) before 2026.1.29 obtains a gatewayUrl value from a query string and automatically makes a WebSocket conne
    42Plan
  • CVE-2026-30741A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in OpenClaw Agent Platform v2026.2.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Request-Si
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43534OpenClaw < 2026.4.10 - Unsanitized External Input in Agent Hook Events
    37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-28456Mar 5, 2026 · OpenClaw 2026.1.5 < 2026.2.14 - Arbitrary Code Execution via Unsafe Hook Module Path Handling
    34Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-28457Mar 5, 2026 · OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Path Traversal in Sandbox Skill Mirroring via Name Parameter
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-28459Mar 5, 2026 · OpenClaw < 2026.2.12 - Arbitrary File Write via Untrusted sessionFile Path
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
npm:openclaw2026.2.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-284720 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.2 - Device Identity Check Bypass in Gateway WebSocket Connect Handshake
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-284680 days apartOpenClaw 2026.1.29-beta.1 < 2026.2.14 - Authentication Bypass in Sandbox Browser Bridge Server
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-3206416 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.21 - Missing VNC Authentication in Sandbox Browser noVNC Observer
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-284500 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.12 - Unauthenticated Profile Tampering via Nostr Plugin HTTP Endpoints
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-296130 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.12 - Webhook Authentication Bypass via Loopback remoteAddress Trust
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-284850 days apartOpenClaw 2026.1.5 < 2026.2.12 - Missing Authentication in Browser Control HTTP Endpoints
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2026-284660 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-284560 days apartOpenClaw 2026.1.5 < 2026.2.14 - Arbitrary Code Execution via Unsafe Hook Module Path Handling
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-283930 days apartOpenClaw 2.0.0-beta3 < 2026.2.14 - Arbitrary JavaScript Module Loading via Hook Transform Path Traversal
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-296100 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Command Hijacking via Unsafe PATH Handling
    30Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
A
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

A function added for development or support ships to production without authentication. It often relies on the assumption that it is “only reachable from the internal network.”

The bug in code

The whole CWE-306 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
// Added for the support teamapp.post("/maintenance/reset", resetDevice);

Fixed

ts
if (config.maintenanceEnabled) {  app.post(    "/maintenance/reset",    requireSession, requireRole("admin"), resetDevice  );}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records