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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

CVE-2026-25556: MuPDF 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 Barcode Decoding Double Free

MediumCVSS 5.9 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 23/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.53% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: mupdf (Debian:14) 1.27.0+ds1-3; mupdf (openSUSE:Leap 16.0) 1.27.2-bp160.1.1; mupdf (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 1.27.1-1.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to mupdf (Debian:14) 1.27.0+ds1-3; mupdf (openSUSE:Leap 16.0) 1.27.2-bp160.1.1; mupdf (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 1.27.1-1.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

MuPDF versions 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 contain a double-free vulnerability in fz_fill_pixmap_from_display_list() when an exception occurs during display list rendering. The function accepts a caller-owned fz_pixmap pointer but incorrectly drops the pixmap in its error handling path before rethrowing the exception. Callers (including the barcode decoding path in fz_decode_barcode_from_display_list) also drop the same pixmap in cleanup, resulting in a double-free that can corrupt the heap and crash the process. This issue affects applications that enable and use MuPDF barcode decoding and can be triggered by processing crafted input that causes a rendering-time error while decoding barcodes.

Published
Feb 6, 2026
Updated
Jul 14, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 45th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

23

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
23 / 40 · 5.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulnCheck
5.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-25556

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
artifexmupdf

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Artifex Software MuPDF

    • 1.23.0 and later · up to and including 1.27.0affected · semver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • artifex mupdf1.23.0 and later · up to 1.27.0 inclusive

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13mupdffrom 0—
Debian:14mupdfbefore 1.27.0+ds1-31.27.0+ds1-3
openSUSE:Leap 16.0mupdfbefore 1.27.2-bp160.1.11.27.2-bp160.1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmupdfbefore 1.27.1-1.11.27.1-1.1

Same product

artifex: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-7321Usage of an uninitialized variable in the function fz_load_jpeg in Artifex MuPDF 1.14 can result in a heap overflow vulnerability that…
    40Plan
  • CVE-2021-3407A flaw was found in mupdf 1.18.0.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2017-5991An issue was discovered in Artifex MuPDF before 1912de5f08e90af1d9d0a9791f58ba3afdb9d465.
    35Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-46206Aug 4, 2025 · An issue in Artifex mupdf 1.25.6, 1.25.5 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via an infinite recursion in the `mutool…
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-55780Sep 23, 2025 · A null pointer dereference occurs in the function break_word_for_overflow_wrap() in MuPDF 1.26.4 when rendering a malformed EPUB document.
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-15569Feb 10, 2026 · Artifex MuPDF win_main.c get_system_dpi uncontrolled search path
    29Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:mupdf1.27.0+ds1-3 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mupdf1.27.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
A
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-415 · Double Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records