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CVE.org (no NVD analysis yet)· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2026-125335: Forge: Ed25519 signature verification accepts small-order public keys

LowCVSS 3.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 14/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.20% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: digitalbazaar forge 1.4.3.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to digitalbazaar forge 1.4.3 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to 1.4.3, ed25519.verify() decodes a public key in crypto_sign_open() without rejecting small-order points or their non-canonical encodings. With S = 0 and a small-order R value, an attacker who can choose the public key can produce signatures that verify for many messages, or all messages with the identity key, without a private key. This can defeat proof-of-possession, attribution, non-repudiation, or deduplication checks that rely on a signature being bound to the message. Keys produced by normal Ed25519 key generation are not small-order, so applications that verify only trusted or internally generated public keys are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.3.

Published
Nov 10, 2026
Updated
Nov 12, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 10th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

14

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
14 / 40 · 3.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
3.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-125335

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • digitalbazaar forge

    • < 1.4.3affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmnode-forgebefore 1.4.31.4.3

Same product

digitalbazaar: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-33896Forge has a basicConstraints bypass in its certificate chain verification (RFC 5280 violation)
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-85393node-forge through 1.4.0 RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 Signature Forgery via Nested DigestAlgorithm Padding
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2025-66031node-forge ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion
    34Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-125333Nov 10, 2026 · Forge: ReDoS in forge.http response header and cookie trimming
    23Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-125334Nov 10, 2026 · Forge: TLS client crash on a handshake record received without a session
    23Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-125336Nov 10, 2026 · Forge: X.509 nameConstraints not enforced by verifyCertificateChain()
    29Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
digitalbazaar forge1.4.3 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
npm:node-forge1.4.3Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. Fix recordedsame day
  3. TodayNov 13, 2026+3 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-8539368 days apartnode-forge through 1.4.0 RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 Signature Forgery via Nested DigestAlgorithm Padding
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-33895228 days apartForge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-11877412 days apartForge: Certificate signature verified with the issuer's RSA signature scheme
    21Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-347 · Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The verifier takes the algorithm to verify with from the token’s own header. Untrusted data ends up deciding its own verification rule.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-347 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey);

Fixed

ts
const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey, {  algorithms: ["RS256"],  issuer: "https://id.example.com",  audience: "portal",});

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Exploit maturity— → none
  3. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records