CVE-2026-11526: GD versions before 2.86 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of filename arguments in _make_filehandle
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 71.9% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: perl-gd (Alpine:v3.21) 2.86-r0; libgd-perl (Debian:12) 2.76-4+deb12u1; libgd-perl (Debian:13) 2.78-1+deb13u1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to perl-gd (Alpine:v3.21) 2.86-r0; libgd-perl (Debian:12) 2.76-4+deb12u1; libgd-perl (Debian:13) 2.78-1+deb13u1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
GD versions before 2.86 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of filename arguments in _make_filehandle. GD::Image::_make_filehandle opens a filename argument with Perl's 2-arg open(), so a filename that begins or ends with a pipe ("| cmd", "cmd |") or begins with a redirect ("> path", ">> path") is run as a command or redirect rather than opened as a file. _make_filehandle is the single open path behind every filename-accepting constructor (new, newFromPng, newFromJpeg, and the rest); the in-memory *Data variants do not open a path and are unaffected. Any caller that forwards untrusted input to one of these constructors as a pathname can run an arbitrary command or truncate a file under the process UID.
- Published
- Jun 14, 2026
- Updated
- Jul 23, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.3% · 71th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-73
Report tools
Action score
39
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.3%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
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Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (CPANSec). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
RURBAN GD
- before 2.86affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.21 | perl-gd | before 2.86-r0 | 2.86-r0 |
| Debian:12 | libgd-perl | before 2.76-4+deb12u1 | 2.76-4+deb12u1 |
| Debian:13 | libgd-perl | before 2.78-1+deb13u1 | 2.78-1+deb13u1 |
| Debian:14 | libgd-perl | before 2.84-3 | 2.84-3 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | perl-GD | before 2.860.0-1.1 | 2.860.0-1.1 |
| Red Hat:rhel_els:7 | perl-GD | before 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 | 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 |
| Red Hat:rhel_els:7 | perl-GD-debuginfo | before 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 | 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 |
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| alpine:perl-gd | 2.86-r0 · Alpine:v3.21 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:libgd-perl | 2.76-4+deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:perl-GD | 2.860.0-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:perl-GD | 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 · Red Hat:rhel_els:7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:perl-GD-debuginfo | 0:2.49-3.el7_9.1 · Red Hat:rhel_els:7 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-73 · External Control of File Name or PathCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
- Leverage Alternate EncodingCAPEC-267likelihood: High · High
- Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation LogicCAPEC-64likelihood: High · High
- URL EncodingCAPEC-72likelihood: High · High
- Manipulating Web Input to File System CallsCAPEC-76likelihood: High · Very High
- Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate EncodingCAPEC-78likelihood: High · High
- Using Slashes in Alternate EncodingCAPEC-79likelihood: High · High
- Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation LogicCAPEC-80likelihood: High · High
Change log (1)
- Fix✗ → ✓
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References
Show all references (3 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.