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CVE-2026-0863· NVD / CVE Program· CNA JFROG

Sandbox escape in n8n Python task runner allows for arbitrary code execution on the underlying host.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 42/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 9.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 95.3% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: www.npmjs.com n8n 1.123.14, 2.3.5, 2.4.2.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to www.npmjs.com n8n 1.123.14, 2.3.5, 2.4.2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Using string formatting and exception handling, an attacker may bypass n8n's python-task-executor sandbox restrictions and run arbitrary unrestricted Python code in the underlying operating system. The vulnerability can be exploited via the Code block by an authenticated user with basic permissions and can lead to a full n8n instance takeover on instances operating under "Internal" execution mode. If the instance is operating under the "External" execution mode (ex. n8n's official Docker image) - arbitrary code execution occurs inside a Sidecar container and not the main node, which significantly reduces the vulnerability impact.

CriticalCVSS 9.9 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 18, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
9.2% · 95th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

42

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
3 / 30 · 9.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.9
CNA · JFROG
8.5
1.4 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2026-0863

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
n8nn8n

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • n8n n8nup to 1.123.14 inclusive
  • n8n n8n2.0.0 and later · up to 2.3.5 inclusive
  • n8n n8n2.4.0 and later · up to 2.4.2 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (JFROG). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • www.npmjs.com n8n

    • 2.4.0 and later · before 2.4.2affected · semver
    • before 1.123.14affected · semver
    • 2.0.0 and later · before 2.3.5affected · semver

Same product

n8n: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-68613n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression InjectionKEV
    95Now
  • CVE-2026-21858n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling
    63This week
  • CVE-2026-1470Authenticated users can bypass the Expression sandbox mechanism to achieve full remote code execution on n8n’s main node.
    45Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-21894Jan 8, 2026 · n8n's Missing Stripe-Signature Verification Allows Unauthenticated Forged Webhooks
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-68949Jan 13, 2026 · n8n has a Webhook Node IP Whitelist Bypass via Partial String Matching
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-61917Feb 4, 2026 · n8n Unsafe Buffer Allocation Allows In-Process Memory Disclosure in Task Runner
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
www.npmjs.com n8n1.123.14Vendor (CNA)
www.npmjs.com n8n2.3.5Vendor (CNA)
www.npmjs.com n8n2.4.2Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days+1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-14709 days apartAuthenticated users can bypass the Expression sandbox mechanism to achieve full remote code execution on n8n’s main node.
    45Plan
  • CVE-2026-85165228 days apartn8n before 2.36.2 Expression Sandbox Bypass via SpreadElement
    28Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2026-2189410 days apartn8n's Missing Stripe-Signature Verification Allows Unauthenticated Forged Webhooks
    26Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-95 · Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records