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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Google

CVE-2025-9951: Remote code execution via Heap Buffer Overflow in FFmpeg JPEG2000

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.44% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: ffmpeg (Debian:11) 7:4.3.9-0+deb11u2; ffmpeg (Debian:12) 7:5.1.7-0+deb12u1; ffmpeg (Debian:13) 7:7.1.2-0+deb13u1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to ffmpeg (Debian:11) 7:4.3.9-0+deb11u2; ffmpeg (Debian:12) 7:5.1.7-0+deb12u1; ffmpeg (Debian:13) 7:7.1.2-0+deb13u1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A heap-buffer-overflow write exists in jpeg2000dec FFmpeg which allows an attacker to potentially gain remote code execution or cause denial of service via the channel definition cdef atom of JPEG2000.

HighCVSS 7.2 · v4.0—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Sep 9, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 38th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Google
7.2
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-9951

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Google). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • FFmpeg FFmpeg

    • < 8.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:11ffmpegbefore 7:4.3.9-0+deb11u27:4.3.9-0+deb11u2
Debian:12ffmpegbefore 7:5.1.7-0+deb12u17:5.1.7-0+deb12u1
Debian:13ffmpegbefore 7:7.1.2-0+deb13u17:7.1.2-0+deb13u1
Debian:14ffmpegbefore 7:7.1.2-17:7.1.2-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0ffmpeg-7before 7.1.4-160000.1.17.1.4-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedffmpeg-4before 4.4.7-2.14.4.7-2.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedffmpeg-7before 7.1.4-2.17.1.4-2.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedffmpeg-8before 8.1.1-3.18.1.1-3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedffmpeg-9before 9.0.1-1.19.0.1-1.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOSffmpeg-4before 4.4.7-150400.3.67.14.4.7-150400.3.67.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7ffmpeg-4before 4.4.7-150600.13.47.14.4.7-150600.13.47.1

Same product

ffmpeg: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2009-4637FFmpeg 0.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors that trigger
    45Plan
  • CVE-2016-10190Heap-based buffer overflow in libavformat/http.c in FFmpeg before 2.8.10, 3.0.x before 3.0.5, 3.1.x before 3.1.6, and 3.2.x before 3.2.2 all
    42Plan
  • CVE-2009-4634Multiple integer underflows in FFmpeg 0.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via a craf
    42Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1594Feb 23, 2025 · FFmpeg AAC Encoder aacenc_tns.c ff_aac_search_for_tns stack-based overflow
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-55069May 2, 2025 · ffmpeg 7.1 is vulnerable to Null Pointer Dereference in function iamf_read_header in /libavformat/iamfdec.c.
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-59729Oct 6, 2025 · Heap-buffer-overflow read in FFmpeg DHAV get_duration
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:ffmpeg7:5.1.7-0+deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:ffmpeg-44.4.7-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ffmpeg-77.1.4-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ffmpeg-88.1.1-3.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ffmpeg-99.0.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
suse:ffmpeg-44.4.7-150400.3.67.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOSPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02026-07-19

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+312 d
  3. TodayNov 4, 2026+421 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-75143344 days apartFFmpeg Heap Buffer Overflow via RIST Protocol Reader
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-64830316 days apartFFmpeg 2.1 - 8.1.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via VobSub Subtitle Demuxer
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-66039318 days apartFFmpeg MACE6 Audio Decoder Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via CAF File
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-66040318 days apartFFmpeg Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via PNG/APNG eXIf Encoder
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-75141344 days apartFFmpeg Heap Buffer Overflow in hvcC Box Writer via HEVC Muxing
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-75144344 days apartFFmpeg Heap Buffer Overflow in VC-2/Dirac RTP Packetizer
    34Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-122 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records