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CVE-2025-9405· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

Open5GS gmm-sm.c gmm_state_exception assertion

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.63% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.

Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A security flaw has been discovered in Open5GS up to 2.7.5. The impacted element is the function gmm_state_exception of the file src/amf/gmm-sm.c. The manipulation results in reachable assertion. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The patch is identified as 8e5fed16114f2f5e40bee1b161914b592b2b7b8f. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Aug 25, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 49th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
6.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-9405

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
open5gsopen5gs

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • open5gs open5gsbefore 2.7.6

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a Open5GS

    • 2.7.0, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.7.3, 2.7.4, 2.7.5affected

Same product

open5gs: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-28122A request-validation issue was discovered in Open5GS 2.1.3 through 2.2.x before 2.2.1.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-40130open5gs v2.6.4 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2024-40129Open5GS v2.6.4 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow.
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-8804Aug 10, 2025 · Open5GS AMF ngap_build_downlink_nas_transport assertion
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-8805Aug 10, 2025 · Open5GS SMF gsm-sm.c smf_gsm_state_wait_pfcp_deletion denial of service
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-52288Sep 8, 2025 · Assertion failure in function ngap_build_downlink_nas_transport in file src/amf/ngap-build.c, the Access and Mobility Management Function (A
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-4106763 days apartReachable Assertion vulnerability in Open5GS
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4106863 days apartReachable Assertion vulnerability in Open5GS
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2023-37017215 days apartOpen5GS MME versions <= 2.6.4 contain an assertion that can be remotely triggered via a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface.
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2023-37023215 days apartOpen5GS MME versions <= 2.6.4 contain a reachable assertion in the `Uplink NAS Transport` packet handler.
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2024-24429215 days apartA reachable assertion in the nas_eps_send_emm_to_esm function of Open5GS <= 2.6.4 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2024-34235215 days apartOpen5GS MME versions <= 2.6.4 contains an assertion that can be remotely triggered via a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface.
    34Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-617 · Reachable Assertion

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records