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CVE-2025-9162· NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

Org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service: variable injection into environment variables

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 19/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.49% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. Administrator privileges are required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Keycloak keycloak 26.3.4.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Keycloak keycloak 26.3.4 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw was found in org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service. The KeycloakRealmImport custom resource substitutes placeholders within imported realm documents, potentially referencing environment variables. This substitution process allows for injection attacks when crafted realm documents are processed. An attacker can leverage this to inject malicious content during the realm import procedure. This can lead to unintended consequences within the Keycloak environment.

MediumCVSS 4.9 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 21, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 41th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

19

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
19 / 40 · 4.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · redhat
4.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Keycloak keycloak

    • before 26.3.4affected · semver

  • Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0

    • all versionsunknown
    • 26.0.15-1 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.0-18 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.0-19 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2

    • all versionsunknown
    • 26.2.8-1 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.2-8 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.2-8 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.2.9-1 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.2-9 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 26.2-9 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2.9

    • all versionsunknown

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-servicesfrom 26.3.0 · before 26.3.426.3.4
Mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-servicesall versions—

Same product

keycloak: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2017-12161It was found that keycloak before 3.4.2 final would permit misuse of a client-side /etc/hosts entry to spoof a URL in a password reset reque
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2014-3709The org.keycloak.services.resources.SocialResource.callback method in JBoss KeyCloak before 1.0.3.Final allows remote attackers to conduct c
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2017-12159It was found that the cookie used for CSRF prevention in Keycloak was not unique to each session.
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2014-3651JBoss KeyCloak before 1.0.3.Final allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large value in the size
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-90997Keycloak-services: keycloak: replay protection bypass leads to unauthorized access via database driver semantics mismatch
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11538Keycloak-server: debug default bind address
    27Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Keycloak keycloak26.3.4Vendor (CNA)
Maven:org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services26.3.4Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • Administrator privileges are required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-526 · Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in an Environment Variable

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records