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Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA curl

CVE-2025-9086: Out of bounds read for cookie path

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 73.6% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: curl curl 8.14.2, 8.16.0, c6ae07c6a541e0e96d0040afb62b45dd37711300.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to curl curl 8.14.2, 8.16.0, c6ae07c6a541e0e96d0040afb62b45dd37711300 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

1. A cookie is set using the `secure` keyword for `https://target` 2. curl is redirected to or otherwise made to speak with `http://target` (same hostname, but using clear text HTTP) using the same cookie set 3. The same cookie name is set - but with only a slash as path (`path="/"`). Since this site is not secure, the cookie *should* be ignored. 4. A bug in the path comparison logic makes curl read outside a heap buffer boundary The bug either causes a crash or it potentially makes the comparison come to the wrong conclusion and lets the clear-text site override the contents of the secure cookie, contrary to expectations and depending on the memory contents immediately following the single-byte allocation that holds the path. The presumed and correct behavior would be to plainly ignore the second set of the cookie since it was already set as secure on a secure host so overriding it on an insecure host should not be okay.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 12, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
1.4% · 73th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-9086

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
haxxcurl
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • haxx curl8.13.0 and later · before 8.16.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (curl). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • curl curl

    • 8.15.0, 8.14.1, 8.14.0, 8.13.0affected
    • 8.13.0 and later · before 8.14.2affected · semver
    • 8.15.0 and later · before 8.16.0affected · semver
    • 1aea05a6c2699e80c75936d58569851555acd603 and later · before c6ae07c6a541e0e96d0040afb62b45dd37711300affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10curlbefore 8.12.1-2.el10_1.28.12.1-2.el10_1.2
AlmaLinux:10libcurlbefore 8.12.1-2.el10_1.28.12.1-2.el10_1.2
AlmaLinux:10libcurl-develbefore 8.12.1-2.el10_1.28.12.1-2.el10_1.2
AlmaLinux:10libcurl-minimalbefore 8.12.1-2.el10_1.28.12.1-2.el10_1.2
AlmaLinux:8curlbefore 7.61.1-34.el8_10.97.61.1-34.el8_10.9
AlmaLinux:8libcurlbefore 7.61.1-34.el8_10.97.61.1-34.el8_10.9
AlmaLinux:8libcurl-develbefore 7.61.1-34.el8_10.97.61.1-34.el8_10.9
AlmaLinux:8libcurl-minimalbefore 7.61.1-34.el8_10.97.61.1-34.el8_10.9
AlmaLinux:9curlbefore 7.76.1-35.el9_7.37.76.1-35.el9_7.3
AlmaLinux:9curl-minimalbefore 7.76.1-35.el9_7.37.76.1-35.el9_7.3
AlmaLinux:9libcurlbefore 7.76.1-35.el9_7.37.76.1-35.el9_7.3
AlmaLinux:9libcurl-develbefore 7.76.1-35.el9_7.37.76.1-35.el9_7.3
AlmaLinux:9libcurl-minimalbefore 7.76.1-35.el9_7.37.76.1-35.el9_7.3
Alpine:v3.19curlfrom 8.13.0 · before 8.14.1-r28.14.1-r2
Alpine:v3.23curlfrom 8.13.0 · before 8.16.0-r08.16.0-r0
Debian:11curlbefore 7.74.0-1.3+deb11u167.74.0-1.3+deb11u16
Debian:13curlbefore 8.14.1-2+deb13u18.14.1-2+deb13u1
Debian:14curlbefore 8.16.0~rc2-18.16.0~rc2-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6brotlibefore 1.0.7-150200.3.5.11.0.7-150200.3.5.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6curlbefore 8.14.1-150600.4.28.18.14.1-150600.4.28.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0curlbefore 8.14.1-160000.3.18.14.1-160000.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedcurlbefore 8.16.0-1.18.16.0-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0curlbefore 0:8.12.1-1.el10_0.40:8.12.1-1.el10_0.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0libcurlbefore 0:8.12.1-1.el10_0.40:8.12.1-1.el10_0.4

+74

Same product

haxx: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-22901curl 7.75.0 through 7.76.1 suffers from a use-after-free vulnerability resulting in already freed memory being used when a TLS 1.3 session t
    51Plan
  • CVE-2023-38039When curl retrieves an HTTP response, it stores the incoming headers so that they can be accessed later via the libcurl headers API.
    47Plan
  • CVE-2024-2398HTTP/2 push headers memory-leak
    45Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5399Jun 7, 2025 · WebSocket endless loop
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-10148Sep 12, 2025 · predictable WebSocket mask
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-10966Nov 7, 2025 · missing SFTP host verification with wolfSSH
    17Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
curl curl8.14.2Vendor (CNA)
curl curl8.16.0Vendor (CNA)
curl curlc6ae07c6a541e0e96d0040afb62b45dd37711300Vendor (CNA)
almalinux:curl7.61.1-34.el8_10.9 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:curl-minimal7.76.1-35.el9_7.3 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libcurl7.61.1-34.el8_10.9 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libcurl-devel7.61.1-34.el8_10.9 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libcurl-minimal7.61.1-34.el8_10.9 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
alpine:curl8.14.1-r2 · Alpine:v3.19Package registry (OSV)
debian:curl8.14.1-2+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:brotli1.0.7-150200.3.5.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:curl8.14.1-150600.4.28.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:curl0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:curl-debuginfo0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:curl-debugsource0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:curl-minimal0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:curl-minimal-debuginfo0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-debuginfo0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-devel0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-minimal0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-minimal-debuginfo0:7.76.1-31.el9_6.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:curl0:7.61.1-34.el8_10.9 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:brotli1.0.7-150200.3.5.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)
suse:curl8.0.1-11.108.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:curl8.14.1-150600.4.28.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:curl-mini8.14.1-160000.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records