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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2025-68973: In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bound

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.15% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: GnuPG GnuPG 2.2.51, 2.4.9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to GnuPG GnuPG 2.2.51, 2.4.9 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)

HighCVSS 7.0 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 28, 2025
Updated
Oct 13, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 4th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.0
CNA · mitre
7.8
0.8 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-68973

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnupggnupg

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnupg gnupgup to 2.4.8 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GnuPG GnuPG

    • before 2.2.51affected · semver
    • 2.3.0 and later · before 2.4.9affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10gnupg2before 2.4.5-3.el10_12.4.5-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10gnupg2-smimebefore 2.4.5-3.el10_12.4.5-3.el10_1
AlmaLinux:8gnupg2before 2.2.20-4.el8_102.2.20-4.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8gnupg2-smimebefore 2.2.20-4.el8_102.2.20-4.el8_10
AlmaLinux:9gnupg2before 2.3.3-5.el9_72.3.3-5.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9gnupg2-smimebefore 2.3.3-5.el9_72.3.3-5.el9_7
Alpine:v3.20gnupgbefore 2.4.9-r02.4.9-r0
Debian:11gnupg2before 2.2.27-2+deb11u32.2.27-2+deb11u3
Debian:12gnupg2before 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u22.2.40-1.1+deb12u2
Debian:13gnupg2before 2.4.7-21+deb13u12.4.7-21+deb13u1
Debian:14gnupg2before 2.4.8-52.4.8-5
openSUSE:Leap 15.6gpg2before 2.4.4-150600.3.12.12.4.4-150600.3.12.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0gpg2before 2.5.5-160000.3.12.5.5-160000.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgpg2before 2.5.16-1.12.5.16-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0gnupg2before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.10:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0gnupg2-debuginfobefore 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.10:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0gnupg2-debugsourcebefore 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.10:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0gnupg2-smimebefore 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.10:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0gnupg2-smime-debuginfobefore 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.10:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1gnupg2before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_10:2.4.5-3.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1gnupg2-debuginfobefore 0:2.4.5-3.el10_10:2.4.5-3.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1gnupg2-debugsourcebefore 0:2.4.5-3.el10_10:2.4.5-3.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1gnupg2-smimebefore 0:2.4.5-3.el10_10:2.4.5-3.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1gnupg2-smime-debuginfobefore 0:2.4.5-3.el10_10:2.4.5-3.el10_1

+44

Same product

gnupg: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-24881In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a crafted CMS (S/MIME) EnvelopedData message carrying an oversized wrapped session key can cause a stack-based buffe
    40Plan
  • CVE-2008-1530GnuPG (gpg) 1.4.8 and 2.0.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted dup
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2018-1000858GnuPG version 2.1.12 - 2.2.11 contains a Cross ite Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in dirmngr that can result in Attacker controlled CS
    35Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-30258Mar 19, 2025 · In GnuPG before 2.5.5, if a user chooses to import a certificate with certain crafted subkey data that lacks a valid backsig or that has inc
    18Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-68972Dec 27, 2025 · In GnuPG through 2.4.8, if a signed message has \f at the end of a plaintext line, an adversary can construct a modified message that places
    18Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-24882Jan 27, 2026 · In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a stack-based buffer overflow exists in tpm2daemon during handling of the PKDECRYPT command for TPM-backed RSA and E
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
GnuPG GnuPG2.2.51Vendor (CNA)
GnuPG GnuPG2.4.9Vendor (CNA)
almalinux:gnupg22.4.5-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:gnupg2-smime2.4.5-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
alpine:gnupg2.4.9-r0 · Alpine:v3.20Package registry (OSV)
debian:gnupg22.2.40-1.1+deb12u2 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gpg22.4.4-150600.3.12.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gnupg20:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gnupg2-debuginfo0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gnupg2-debugsource0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gnupg2-smime0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:gnupg2-smime-debuginfo0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:gnupg20:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Rocky Linux:10Package registry (OSV)
suse:gpg22.2.27-150300.3.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)
suse:gpg22.4.4-150600.3.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-675 · Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records