CVE-2025-68474: ESF-IDF Has Out-of-Bounds Write in ESP32 Bluetooth AVRCP Vendor Command Handling
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.31% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone on the same network segment can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.
Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In versions 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, in the avrc_vendor_msg() function of the ESP-IDF BlueDroid AVRCP stack, the allocated buffer size was validated using AVRC_MIN_CMD_LEN (20 bytes). However, the actual fixed header data written before the vendor payload exceeds this value. This totals 29 bytes written before p_msg->p_vendor_data is copied. Using the old AVRC_MIN_CMD_LEN could allow an out-of-bounds write if vendor_len approaches the buffer limit. For commands where vendor_len is large, the original buffer allocation may be insufficient, causing writes beyond the allocated memory. This can lead to memory corruption, crashes, or other undefined behavior. The overflow could be larger when assertions are disabled.
- Published
- Dec 27, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 7, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.3% · 24th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-787
Report tools
Action score
24
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.3%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 6.1
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- No fixed version yet
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| espressif | esp-idf | cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- espressif esp-idf5.1.6
- espressif esp-idf5.2.6
- espressif esp-idf5.3.4
- espressif esp-idf5.4.3
- espressif esp-idf5.5.1
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
espressif esp-idf
- >= 5.5-beta1, <= 5.5.1, >= 5.4-beta1, <= 5.4.3, >= 5.3-beta1, <= 5.3.4, >= 5.2-beta1, <= 5.2.6, <= 5.1.6affected
Same product
espressif: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-45328ESF-IDF: Out-of-Bounds Write in ESP-TEE Secure Service Wrappers35Monitor
- CVE-2024-53406Espressif Esp idf v5.3.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions resulting in Authentication bypass.35Monitor
- CVE-2022-24893Espressif Bluetooth Mesh Stack Vulnerable to Out-of-bounds Write leading to memory buffer corruption35Monitor
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-66409Dec 2, 2025 · ESF-IDF has an Out-of-Bounds Read in ESP32 Bluetooth AVRCP Command Handling10Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-68473Dec 27, 2025 · ESF-IDF Has Out-of-Bounds Read in ESP32 Bluetooth SDP Result Handling0Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-25507Feb 4, 2026 · ESF-IDF Has Use-after-free Vulnerability in BLE Provisioning25Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2025-684730 days apartESF-IDF Has Out-of-Bounds Read in ESP32 Bluetooth SDP Result Handling0Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone on the same network segment can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Adjacent
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds WriteCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
Show all references (6 more)Show less
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/565fa98d0cfd58102204c1cb636747e17ee59845
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/8262ee807d5cd425f66304f703eeb3382fb888c0
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/a6c1bc5e3e91ad1cb964ce2c178ee40a5d10a4a0
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/aa0e3d75db995b7137b55349fc92ee684b47092d
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b9ba1e29b65536ab4b670ac099585d09adce0376
- github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-43gh-7r4f-qp57
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.