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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-68431: libheif has Potential Heap Buffer Over-Read

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.42% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: libheif (Alpine:v3.23) 1.21.2-r0; libheif (Debian:13) 1.19.8-1+deb13u1; libheif (Debian:14) 1.21.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to libheif (Alpine:v3.23) 1.21.2-r0; libheif (Debian:13) 1.19.8-1+deb13u1; libheif (Debian:14) 1.21.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

libheif is an HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.21.0, a crafted HEIF that exercises the overlay image item path triggers a heap buffer over-read in `HeifPixelImage::overlay()`. The function computes a negative row length (likely from an unclipped overlay rectangle or invalid offsets), which then underflows when converted to `size_t` and is passed to `memcpy`, causing a very large read past the end of the source plane and a crash. Version 1.21.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, avoid decoding images using `iovl` overlay boxes.

HighCVSS 7.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 29, 2025
Updated
Oct 7, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 36th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.1
CNA · GitHub_M
6.5
0.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
strukturlibheif

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • struktur libheifbefore 1.21.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • strukturag libheif

    • < 1.21.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.23libheifbefore 1.21.2-r01.21.2-r0
Debian:12libheiffrom 0—
Debian:13libheifbefore 1.19.8-1+deb13u11.19.8-1+deb13u1
Debian:14libheifbefore 1.21.2-11.21.2-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6libheifbefore 1.12.0-150400.3.17.11.12.0-150400.3.17.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0libheifbefore 1.23.0-160000.1.11.23.0-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0libheifbefore 1.19.7-160000.3.11.19.7-160000.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedlibheifbefore 1.21.1-1.11.21.1-1.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP7libheifbefore 1.19.5-150700.3.3.11.19.5-150700.3.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP7libheifbefore 1.23.0-150700.3.15.11.23.0-150700.3.15.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0libheifbefore 1.19.7-160000.3.11.19.7-160000.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0libheifbefore 1.23.0-160000.1.11.23.0-160000.1.1

Same product

struktur: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-11471libheif 1.4.0 has a use-after-free in heif::HeifContext::Image::set_alpha_channel in heif_context.h because heif_context.cc mishandles refer
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-32740libheif: Heap-Buffer-Overflow Write in Grid Tile Chroma Compositing
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2023-49464libheif v1.17.5 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the function UncompressedImageCodec::get_luma_bits_per_pixel_from_con
    35Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-43966Apr 20, 2025 · libheif before 1.19.6 has a NULL pointer dereference in ImageItem_iden in image-items/iden.cc.
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-43967Apr 20, 2025 · libheif before 1.19.6 has a NULL pointer dereference in ImageItem_Grid::get_decoder in image-items/grid.cc because a grid image can referenc
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-32738May 19, 2026 · libheif has a Heap OOB Read/SEGV Crash via Zero samples_per_chunk
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
alpine:libheif1.21.2-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:libheif1.19.8-1+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:libheif1.12.0-150400.3.17.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:libheif1.19.5-150700.3.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-41311440 days apartIn Libheif 1.17.6, insufficient checks in ImageOverlay::parse() decoding a heif file containing an overlay image with forged offsets can lea
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-48029205 days apartlibheif: heap OOB read in ImageItem_Grid::decode_grid_tile via irot-induced tile-coordinate underflow
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2026-47251204 days apartlibheif has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-3949: integer overflow bypass in vvdec_push_data2
    27Monitor
  • CVE-2026-32738141 days apartlibheif has a Heap OOB Read/SEGV Crash via Zero samples_per_chunk
    26Monitor
  • CVE-2026-41069144 days apartlibheif allows Out-of-bounds vector access leading to invalid dereference (DoS)
    26Monitor
  • CVE-2026-49271172 days apartlibheif: Wrapped icef compressed-unit range check causes out-of-bounds read in uncompressed HEIF decoder
    26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records