NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-68114: Capstone doesn't check vsnprintf return in SStream_concat, allows stack buffer underflow and overflow

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.20% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: azl3 rust 1.90.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.90.0-4; azl3 rust 1.90.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.90.0-4.
Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.8, NVD 9.8.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 rust 1.90.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.90.0-4; azl3 rust 1.90.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.90.0-4 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Capstone is a disassembly framework. In versions 6.0.0-Alpha5 and prior, an unchecked vsnprintf return in SStream_concat lets a malicious cs_opt_mem.vsnprintf drive SStream’s index negative or past the end, leading to a stack buffer underflow/overflow when the next write occurs. Commit 2c7797182a1618be12017d7d41e0b6581d5d529e fixes the issue.

Published: Dec 17, 2025
Updated: Oct 13, 2026
EPSS: 0.2% · 10th percentile
CWE: CWE-120

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: proof of concept
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 9.8
CNA · GitHub_M: 4.8; 5.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
capstone-engine	capstone	cpe:2.3:a:capstone-engine:capstone

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

capstone-engine capstone
- <= 6.0.0-Alpha5affected

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

capstone-engine capstonebefore 6.0.0
capstone-engine capstone6.0.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	capstone-java	before 5.0.1-7.el10_1	5.0.1-7.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10	python3-capstone	before 5.0.1-7.el10_1	5.0.1-7.el10_1
AlmaLinux:9	capstone	before 4.0.2-11.el9_7	4.0.2-11.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9	capstone	before 4.0.2-13.el9_8	4.0.2-13.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9	capstone-devel	before 4.0.2-11.el9_7	4.0.2-11.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9	capstone-devel	before 4.0.2-13.el9_8	4.0.2-13.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9	capstone-java	before 4.0.2-11.el9_7	4.0.2-11.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9	capstone-java	before 4.0.2-13.el9_8	4.0.2-13.el9_8
AlmaLinux:9	python3-capstone	before 4.0.2-11.el9_7	4.0.2-11.el9_7
AlmaLinux:9	python3-capstone	before 4.0.2-13.el9_8	4.0.2-13.el9_8
Alpine:v3.23	capstone	before 5.0.7-r0	5.0.7-r0
Debian:12	capstone	from 0	—
Debian:13	capstone	before 5.0.7-1~deb13u1	5.0.7-1~deb13u1
Debian:14	capstone	before 5.0.7-1	5.0.7-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	capstone	before 4.0.2-150500.3.3.1	4.0.2-150500.3.3.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	capstone	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	capstone-debuginfo	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	capstone-debugsource	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	capstone-devel	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	capstone-java	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0	python3-capstone	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_0	0:5.0.1-7.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	capstone	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_1	0:5.0.1-7.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	capstone-debuginfo	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_1	0:5.0.1-7.el10_1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1	capstone-debugsource	before 0:5.0.1-7.el10_1	0:5.0.1-7.el10_1

+50

Same product

capstone-engine: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2017-6952Integer overflow in the cs_winkernel_malloc function in winkernel_mm.c in Capstone 3.0.4 and earlier allows attackers to cause a denial of…
35Monitor
CVE-2025-67873Capstone doesn't check Skipdata length, leading to cs_insn.bytes heap buffer overflow
31Monitor
CVE-2026-55893Capstone SH disassembler `set_reg_n` heap buffer overflow via crafted SH2A FPU bytecode
29Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2016-7151May 15, 2019 · Capstone 3.0.4 has an out-of-bounds vulnerability (SEGV caused by a read memory access) in X86_insn_reg_intel in arch/X86/X86Mapping.c.
22Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-47143Jul 21, 2026 · Capstone has a NULL Pointer Dereference with 3DNow! opcodes
23Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-49263Aug 14, 2026 · Capstone WASM `br_table` instruction-size truncation can cause no-progress disassembly and parser desynchronization
8Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
azl3 rust 1.90.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0	1.90.0-4 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 rust 1.90.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0	1.90.0-4 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:capstone	4.0.2-13.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:capstone-devel	4.0.2-13.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:capstone-java	4.0.2-13.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:python3-capstone	4.0.2-13.el9_8 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
alpine:capstone	5.0.7-r0 · Alpine:v3.23	Package registry (OSV)
debian:capstone	5.0.7-1~deb13u1 · Debian:13	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:capstone	4.0.2-150500.3.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone	0:5.0.7-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-debuginfo	0:4.0.2-5.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-debugsource	0:4.0.2-5.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-devel	0:4.0.2-13.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::crb	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-devel	0:5.0.7-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-java	0:5.0.7-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:capstone-static	0:5.0.7-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3-capstone	0:4.0.2-13.el9_8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::crb	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3-capstone	0:5.0.7-0.1.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:python3-capstone-debuginfo	0:4.0.2-5.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:capstone	0:4.0.2-13.el9_8 · Rocky Linux:9	Package registry (OSV)
suse:capstone	4.0.2-150500.3.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

capstone-engine/capstonecommit 2c77971

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-120 · Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

When data is copied, the source length is not compared with the size of the destination buffer. Excess data overwrites adjacent memory.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-120 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1char buf[256];
2memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);

Fixed

1char buf[256];
2if (pkt->len > sizeof(buf)) {
3  return -EINVAL;
4}
5memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log (1)

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:44 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/capstone-engine/capstone/commit/2c7797182a1618be12017d7d41e0b6581d5d529e

Show all references (1 more)

github.com/capstone-engine/capstone/security/advisories/GHSA-85f5-6xr3-q76r

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records