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CVE-2025-66211· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in PostgreSQL Init Script Filename

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 38/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2.7% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 85.7% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.

Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in PostgreSQL Init Script Filename handling allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers. PostgreSQL initialization script filenames are passed to shell commands without proper validation, enabling full remote code execution. Version 4.0.0-beta.451 fixes the issue.

CriticalCVSS 9.4 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Dec 23, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.7% · 86th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

38

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
37 / 40 · 9.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
9.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-66211

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
coollabscoolify

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • coollabs coolifybefore 4.0.0
  • coollabs coolify4.0.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • coollabsio coolify

    • < 4.0.0-beta.451affected

Same product

coollabs: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-22612Coolify Vulnerable to Private Key Enumeration on Onboarding resulting in Remote Command Execution (RCE)
    40Plan
  • CVE-2025-22609Coolify Vulnerable to Private Key Hijacking / Remote Command Execution (RCE)
    40Plan
  • CVE-2025-22611Coolify vulnerable to Privilege Escalation resulting in Remote Command Execution (RCE)
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-64424Colify has command injection vulnerability in project git source
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2025-66213Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in File Storage Directory Mount Path
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2025-66212Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename
    38Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-662100 days apartCoolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Database Import
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2025-662120 days apartCoolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2025-662130 days apartCoolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in File Storage Directory Mount Path
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5915613 days apartCoolify has Docker Compose Injection issue
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2025-662090 days apartCoolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Database Backup
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5915713 days apartCoolify has Git Repository RCE
    36Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

ts
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records