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CVE-2025-62399· NVD / CVE Program· CNA fedora

Moodle: password brute force risk when mobile/web services enabled

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.40% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: git.moodle.org moodle 4.1.21, 4.4.11, 4.5.7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to git.moodle.org moodle 4.1.21, 4.4.11, 4.5.7 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Moodle’s mobile and web service authentication endpoints did not sufficiently restrict repeated password attempts, making them susceptible to brute-force attacks.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 23, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 33th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · fedora
7.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-62399

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
moodlemoodle

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • moodle moodle4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.21
  • moodle moodle4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.11
  • moodle moodle4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.7
  • moodle moodle5.0.0 and later · before 5.0.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fedora). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • git.moodle.org moodle

    • 5.0.0 and later · before 5.0.3affected · semver
    • 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.7affected · semver
    • 4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.11affected · semver
    • 4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.21affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.2.0-beta · before 4.4.114.4.11
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.5.0-beta · before 4.5.74.5.7
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 5.0.0-beta · before 5.0.35.0.3
Packagistmoodle/moodlebefore 4.1.214.1.21

Same product

moodle: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-43425Moodle: remote code execution via calculated question types
    60This week
  • CVE-2021-36393In Moodle, an SQL injection risk was identified in the library fetching a user's recent courses.
    55Plan
  • CVE-2022-0332A flaw was found in Moodle in versions 3.11 to 3.11.4.
    52Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-62397Oct 23, 2025 · Moodle: router produces json instead of 404 error for invalid course id
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-62398Oct 23, 2025 · Moodle: possible to bypass mfa
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-62400Oct 23, 2025 · Moodle: hidden group names visible to event creators
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
git.moodle.org moodle4.1.21Vendor (CNA)
git.moodle.org moodle4.4.11Vendor (CNA)
git.moodle.org moodle4.5.7Vendor (CNA)
git.moodle.org moodle5.0.3Vendor (CNA)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.1.21Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.4.11Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.5.7Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle5.0.3Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-67853103 days apartMoodle: moodle: brute-force facilitation due to missing rate limiting in confirmation email service
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-307 · Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records