CVE-2025-61728: Excessive CPU consumption when building archive index in archive/zip
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 26/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.73% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 54.6% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Go standard library archive/zip 1.24.12, 1.25.6.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Go standard library archive/zip 1.24.12, 1.25.6 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
archive/zip uses a super-linear file name indexing algorithm that is invoked the first time a file in an archive is opened. This can lead to a denial of service when consuming a maliciously constructed ZIP archive.
- BDU:2026-03410
- ALSA-2026:2706
- ALSA-2026:2708
- ALSA-2026:2709
- ALSA-2026:2914
- ALSA-2026:2920
- ALSA-2026:3188
- ALSA-2026:3336
- ALSA-2026:3337
- ALSA-2026:3752
- ALSA-2026:3753
- ALSA-2026:4672
- GO-2026-4342
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10063-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10064-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10101-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10329-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20077-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20085-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20301-1
- Published
- Jan 28, 2026
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.7% · 54th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-770
Report tools
Action score
26
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| golang | go | cpe:2.3:a:golang:go |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- golang gobefore 1.24.12
- golang go1.25.0 and later · before 1.25.6
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Go). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Go standard library archive/zip
- before 1.24.12affected · semver
- 1.25.0 and later · before 1.25.6affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | golang-docs | before 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | golang-misc | before 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | golang-src | before 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | golang-tests | before 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | grafana | before 10.2.6-22.el10_1 | 10.2.6-22.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | grafana-selinux | before 10.2.6-22.el10_1 | 10.2.6-22.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | osbuild-composer | before 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 | 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | osbuild-composer-core | before 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 | 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | osbuild-composer-worker | before 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 | 149-5.el10_1.alma.3 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | podman-docker | before 7:5.6.0-12.el10_1.alma.1 | 7:5.6.0-12.el10_1.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | aardvark-dns | before 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4 | 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | aardvark-dns | before 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7 | 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | aardvark-dns | before 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe | 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe |
| AlmaLinux:8 | aardvark-dns | before 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3901+4b80ecd7 | 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3901+4b80ecd7 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | buildah | before 2:1.33.14-3.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 | 2:1.33.14-3.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | buildah-tests | before 2:1.33.14-3.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 | 2:1.33.14-3.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | cockpit-podman | before 84.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4102+6c76e544 | 84.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4102+6c76e544 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | conmon | before 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4090+91932338 | 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4090+91932338 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | conmon | before 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf6 | 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf6 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | conmon | before 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f | 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | container-selinux | before 2:2.229.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4090+91932338 | 2:2.229.0-2.module_el8.10.0+4090+91932338 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | containernetworking-plugins | before 1:1.4.0-8.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 | 1:1.4.0-8.module_el8.10.0+4136+16425343 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | containers-common | before 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe | 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe |
| AlmaLinux:8 | containers-common | before 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3876+e55593a8 | 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3876+e55593a8 |
+96
Same product
golang: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2018-7187The "go get" implementation in Go 1.9.4, when the -insecure command-line option is used, does not validate the import path (get/vcs.go only 54Plan
- CVE-2018-16873In Go before 1.10.6 and 1.11.x before 1.11.3, the "go get" command is vulnerable to remote code execution when executed with the -u flag and52Plan
- CVE-2021-38297Go before 1.16.9 and 1.17.x before 1.17.2 has a Buffer Overflow via large arguments in a function invocation from a WASM module, when GOARCH42Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-61727Dec 3, 2025 · Improper application of excluded DNS name constraints when verifying wildcard names in crypto/x50926Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-61726Jan 28, 2026 · Memory exhaustion in query parameter parsing in net/url31Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-61730Jan 28, 2026 · Handshake messages may be processed at the incorrect encryption level in crypto/tls21Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Go standard library archive/zip | 1.24.12 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Go standard library archive/zip | 1.25.6 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 golang 1.27.0-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 | — | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:delve | 1.25.2-1.module_el8.10.0+4074+24330916 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:go-toolset | 1.25.7-1.module_el8.10.0+4117+b694c6c9 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang | 1.25.7-1.module_el8.10.0+4117+b694c6c9 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-bin | 1.25.7-1.module_el8.10.0+4117+b694c6c9 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-docs | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-misc | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-race | 1.25.7-1.module_el8.10.0+4117+b694c6c9 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-src | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:golang-tests | 1.25.7-1.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:grafana | 10.2.6-22.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:grafana-selinux | 10.2.6-22.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:podman-docker | 7:5.6.0-12.el10_1.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:go | 1.24.12-r0 · Alpine:v3.22 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:opentofu | 1.11.4-r0 · Alpine:v3.24 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:golang-1.25 | 1.25.6-1 · Debian:14 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Go:stdlib | 1.24.12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Go:stdlib | 1.25.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:coredns | 1.14.1-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:go1.24 | 1.24.12-150000.1.53.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:go1.24-openssl | 1.24.12-150600.13.15.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:go1.25 | 1.25.6-150000.1.26.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:go1.25-openssl | 1.25.6-150600.13.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:govulncheck-vulndb | 0.0.20260128T190828-150000.1.143.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kubelogin | 0.2.16-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:flightctl | 0:1.1.2-1.el10em · Red Hat:edge_manager:1.1::el10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:flightctl-agent | 0:1.1.2-1.el10em · Red Hat:edge_manager:1.1::el10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:flightctl-cli | 0:1.1.2-1.el10em · Red Hat:edge_manager:1.1::el10 | Package registry (OSV) |
+27
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2025-617260 days apartMemory exhaustion in query parameter parsing in net/url31Monitor
- CVE-2026-3228069 days apartUnexpected work during chain building in crypto/x50930Monitor
- CVE-2026-3228369 days apartUnauthenticated TLS 1.3 KeyUpdate record can cause persistent connection retention and DoS in crypto/tls30Monitor
- CVE-2025-6172391 days apartQuadratic complexity when parsing some invalid inputs in encoding/pem30Monitor
- CVE-2026-3982099 days apartQuadratic string concatentation in consumeComment in net/mail30Monitor
- CVE-2026-3228869 days apartUnbounded allocation for old GNU sparse in archive/tar22Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or ThrottlingCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- FloodingCAPEC-125likelihood: High · Medium
- Excessive AllocationCAPEC-130likelihood: Medium · Medium
- XML Ping of the DeathCAPEC-147likelihood: Low · Medium
- Exponential Data ExpansionCAPEC-197likelihood: High · Medium
- Serialized Data Parameter BlowupCAPEC-229likelihood: High · High
- Serialized Data with Nested PayloadsCAPEC-230likelihood: Medium · High
- Oversized Serialized Data PayloadsCAPEC-231likelihood: Medium · High
- HTTP DoSCAPEC-469Low
ATT&CK techniques
- Network Denial of Service:Direct Network FloodT1498.001
- Network Denial of Service:Reflection AmplificationT1498.002
- Endpoint Denial of ServiceT1499
- Endpoint Denial of Service: OS Exhaustion FloodT1499.001
- Endpoint Denial of Service:Service Exhaustion FloodT1499.002
- Endpoint Denial of Service:Application Exhaustion FloodT1499.003
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (3 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.