NVD / CVE Program· CNA fortinet

CVE-2025-59718: A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8…

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Now (action score 89/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Dec 16, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Dec 23, 2025.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 68% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.3% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Patch today or shut off access. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

A improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.10, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.14, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.21, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the FortiCloud SSO login authentication via a crafted SAML response message.

BDU:2025-15540

Published: Dec 9, 2025
Updated: Oct 15, 2026
EPSS: 68.0% · 99th percentile
CWE: CWE-347

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Now

Patch today or shut off access.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 20 / 30 · 68.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · fortinet: 9.1; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Dec 16, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Dec 23, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
fortinet	fortiproxy	cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy
fortinet	fortiswitchmanager	cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager
fortinet	fortios	cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios
siemens	ruggedcom ape1808 firmware	cpe:2.3:o:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808_firmware
siemens	ruggedcom ape1808	cpe:2.3:h:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fortinet). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Fortinet FortiOS
- 7.6.0 and later · up to and including 7.6.3affected · semver
- 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.8affected · semver
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.11affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.17affected · semver
Fortinet FortiProxy
- 7.6.0 and later · up to and including 7.6.3affected · semver
- 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.10affected · semver
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.14affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.21affected · semver
Fortinet FortiSwitchManager
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.6affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.5affected · semver

Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

fortinet fortios7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.18
fortinet fortios7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.12
fortinet fortios7.4.0 and later · before 7.4.9
fortinet fortios7.6.0 and later · before 7.6.4

Same product

fortinet: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2022-40684An authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel [CWE-288] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.KEV
99Now
CVE-2018-13379An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ("Path Traversal") in Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4, 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 and…KEV
99Now
CVE-2024-55591An Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability [CWE-288] affecting FortiOS version 7.0.0 through 7.0.16 and…KEV
97Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-57740Oct 14, 2025 · An Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.7 and below, version 7.2.10 and…
35Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-54821Nov 18, 2025 · An Improper Privilege Management vulnerability [CWE-269] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through…
24Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-47570Dec 9, 2025 · An insertion of sensitive information into log file vulnerability [CWE-532] in FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, 7.0 all…
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:6	2025-12-17
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:3	2025-12-27

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedDec 9, 2025
CISA KEVDec 16, 2025+6 d
First PoCDec 17, 2025+7 d
TodayNov 14, 2026+340 d

EPSS, last 120 days-1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-25-0437 · Dec 10, 2025(Fortinet Çoklu Ürün Güvenlik Bildirimi)

All national notices →

Not on record for this CVE: patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-347 · Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

The verifier takes the algorithm to verify with from the token’s own header. Untrusted data ends up deciding its own verification rule.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-347 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey);

Fixed

1const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey, {
2  algorithms: ["RS256"],
3  issuer: "https://id.example.com",
4  audience: "portal",
5});

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log (0)

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-647

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records