CVE-2025-59031: Dovecot has provided a script to use for attachment to text conversion.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 17/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.29% (FIRST EPSS).
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: dovecot (Alpine:v3.23) 2.4.3-r0; dovecot (Debian:12) 1:2.3.19.1+dfsg1-2.1+deb12u2; dovecot (Debian:13) 1:2.4.1+dfsg1-6+deb13u4.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to dovecot (Alpine:v3.23) 2.4.3-r0; dovecot (Debian:12) 1:2.3.19.1+dfsg1-2.1+deb12u2; dovecot (Debian:13) 1:2.4.1+dfsg1-6+deb13u4 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
Dovecot has provided a script to use for attachment to text conversion. This script unsafely handles zip-style attachments. Attacker can use specially crafted OOXML documents to cause unintended files on the system to be indexed and subsequently ending up in FTS indexes. Do not use the provided script, instead, use something else like FTS tika. No publicly available exploits are known.
- Published
- Mar 27, 2026
- Updated
- Oct 7, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 21th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-200
Report tools
Action score
17
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 17 / 40 · 4.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · OX
- 4.3
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens
Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| dovecot | dovecot | cpe:2.3:a:dovecot:dovecot |
| open-xchange | dovecot | cpe:2.3:a:open-xchange:dovecot |
Using dovecot? Add it to your stack and be the first to know about CVEs like this one. (Email server)
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- dovecot dovecotbefore 2.4.3
- open-xchange dovecotbefore 2.3.22.1
- open-xchange dovecot3.0.0 and later · before 3.1.3
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (OX). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Open-Xchange GmbH OX Dovecot Pro
- up to and including 2.3.0affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.23 | dovecot | from 3.0.0 · before 2.4.3-r0 | 2.4.3-r0 |
| Debian:12 | dovecot | before 1:2.3.19.1+dfsg1-2.1+deb12u2 | 1:2.3.19.1+dfsg1-2.1+deb12u2 |
| Debian:13 | dovecot | before 1:2.4.1+dfsg1-6+deb13u4 | 1:2.4.1+dfsg1-6+deb13u4 |
| Debian:14 | dovecot | before 1:2.4.3+dfsg1-1 | 1:2.4.3+dfsg1-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | dovecot24 | before 2.4.3-160000.1.1 | 2.4.3-160000.1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | dovecot24 | before 2.4.3-1.1 | 2.4.3-1.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7 | dovecot23 | before 2.3.21.1-150200.76.1 | 2.3.21.1-150200.76.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | dovecot24 | before 2.4.3-160000.1.1 | 2.4.3-160000.1.1 |
Same product
dovecot: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2019-11500In Dovecot before 2.2.36.4 and 2.3.x before 2.3.7.2 (and Pigeonhole before 0.5.7.2), protocol processing can fail for quoted strings.58Plan
- CVE-2020-7046lib-smtp in submission-login and lmtp in Dovecot 2.3.9 before 2.3.9.3 mishandles truncated UTF-8 data in command parameters, as demonstrated45Plan
- CVE-2016-8652The auth component in Dovecot before 2.2.27, when auth-policy is configured, allows a remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) 37Monitor
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-30550Jul 17, 2022 · An issue was discovered in the auth component in Dovecot 2.2 and 2.3 before 2.3.20.36Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-59028Mar 27, 2026 · When sending invalid base64 SASL data, login process is disconnected from the auth server, causing all active authentication sessions to fai30Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-59032Mar 27, 2026 · ManageSieve AUTHENTICATE command crashes when using literal as SASL initial response.30Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| alpine:dovecot | 2.4.3-r0 · Alpine:v3.23 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:dovecot | 1:2.3.19.1+dfsg1-2.1+deb12u2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:dovecot24 | 2.4.3-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:dovecot23 | 2.3.21.1-150200.76.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:dovecot24 | 2.4.3-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- low · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- Low
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized ActorCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
nvd-secondary
Root cause
The extension requests broader permissions than its function needs and sends the data it collects out for purposes beyond its stated function.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-200 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
{
"permissions": ["tabs", "<all_urls>"],
"background": { "service_worker": "analytics.js" }
}Fixed
{
"permissions": ["activeTab"],
"host_permissions": ["https://yildiz.example/*"]
}Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- ExcavationCAPEC-116likelihood: High · Medium
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
- FootprintingCAPEC-169likelihood: High · Very Low
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- FingerprintingCAPEC-224likelihood: High · Very Low
- ICMP Echo Request PingCAPEC-285likelihood: Medium · Low
- TCP SYN ScanCAPEC-287Low
- Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) RecordsCAPEC-290Low
ATT&CK techniques
- System Service DiscoveryT1007
- System Network Configuration DiscoveryT1016
- Remote System DiscoveryT1018
- System Owner/User DiscoveryT1033
- Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or LocationT1036.005
- Network Service ScanningT1046
- System Network Connections DiscoveryT1049
- Process DiscoveryT1057
- Permission Groups DiscoveryT1069
- System Information DiscoveryT1082
- File and Directory DiscoveryT1083
- Account DiscoveryT1087
- Multi-Factor Authentication InterceptionT1111
- Peripheral Device DiscoveryT1120
- System Time DiscoveryT1124
- Access Token Manipulation:Token Impersonation/TheftT1134.001
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.