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NVD / CVE Program· CNA XEN

CVE-2025-58145: Arm issues with page refcounting

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.37% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: xen (Alpine:v3.19) 4.18.5-r2; xen (Alpine:v3.21) 4.19.3-r1; xen (Alpine:v3.22) 4.20.1-r1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to xen (Alpine:v3.19) 4.18.5-r2; xen (Alpine:v3.21) 4.19.3-r1; xen (Alpine:v3.22) 4.20.1-r1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] There are two issues related to the mapping of pages belonging to other domains: For one, an assertion is wrong there, where the case actually needs handling. A NULL pointer de-reference could result on a release build. This is CVE-2025-58144. And then the P2M lock isn't held until a page reference was actually obtained (or the attempt to do so has failed). Otherwise the page can not only change type, but even ownership in between, thus allowing domain boundaries to be violated. This is CVE-2025-58145.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 11, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 30th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-58145

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
xenxen

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • xen xen4.12.0 and later · before 4.17.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (XEN). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Xen Xen

    • consult Xen advisory XSA-473unknown

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.19xenfrom 4.12.0 · before 4.18.5-r24.18.5-r2
Alpine:v3.21xenfrom 4.12.0 · before 4.19.3-r14.19.3-r1
Alpine:v3.22xenfrom 4.12.0 · before 4.20.1-r14.20.1-r1
Debian:12xenbefore 4.17.5+72-g01140da4e8-14.17.5+72-g01140da4e8-1
Debian:13xenbefore 4.20.2+7-g1badcf5035-0+deb13u14.20.2+7-g1badcf5035-0+deb13u1
Debian:14xenbefore 4.20.2+7-g1badcf5035-14.20.2+7-g1badcf5035-1

Same product

xen: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2017-10921The grant-table feature in Xen through 4.8.x does not ensure sufficient type counts for a GNTMAP_device_map and GNTMAP_host_map mapping, whi
    41Plan
  • CVE-2017-10920The grant-table feature in Xen through 4.8.x mishandles a GNTMAP_device_map and GNTMAP_host_map mapping, when followed by only a GNTMAP_host
    41Plan
  • CVE-2017-10918Xen through 4.8.x does not validate memory allocations during certain P2M operations, which allows guest OS users to obtain privileged host
    41Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-58143Sep 11, 2025 · Mutiple vulnerabilities in the Viridian interface
    39Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-58144Sep 11, 2025 · Arm issues with page refcounting
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-58147Oct 31, 2025 · x86: Incorrect input sanitisation in Viridian hypercalls
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
alpine:xen4.18.5-r2 · Alpine:v3.19Package registry (OSV)
debian:xen4.17.5+72-g01140da4e8-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-79610397 days apartgrant-table: double version change race
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-23558250 days apartgrant table v2 race in status page mapping
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-42487280 days apartx86 HVM I/O port list traversal
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-62430320 days apartx86: Out-of-bounds read in vRTC emulation
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-62432320 days apartevtchn: Race between FIFO expand and reset
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2026-62435320 days apartgrant-table: version change racing with other operations
    26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-362 · Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records