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NVD / CVE Program· CNA facebook

CVE-2025-55177: Incomplete authorization of linked device synchronization messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.21.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS…

MediumCVSS 5.4 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 55/100)

  • CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Sep 2, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Sep 23, 2025.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 13.5% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 96.5% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Facebook WhatsApp Business for iOS 2.25.21.78; Facebook WhatsApp Desktop for Mac 2.25.21.78; Facebook WhatsApp for iOS 2.25.21.73.
  • Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to Facebook WhatsApp Business for iOS 2.25.21.78; Facebook WhatsApp Desktop for Mac 2.25.21.78; Facebook WhatsApp for iOS 2.25.21.73 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

Incomplete authorization of linked device synchronization messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.21.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.21.78, and WhatsApp for Mac v2.25.21.78 could have allowed an unrelated user to trigger processing of content from an arbitrary URL on a target’s device. We assess that this vulnerability, in combination with an OS-level vulnerability on Apple platforms (CVE-2025-43300), may have been exploited in a sophisticated attack against specific targeted users.

Published
Aug 29, 2025
Updated
Oct 18, 2026
EPSS
13.5% · 96th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

55

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.4 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
4 / 30 · 13.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · facebook
5.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Sep 2, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Sep 23, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

  • In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-55177

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
whatsappwhatsapp
whatsappwhatsapp business

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (facebook). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Facebook WhatsApp Business for iOS

    • 2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.78affected · semver

  • Facebook WhatsApp Desktop for Mac

    • 2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.78affected · semver

  • Facebook WhatsApp for iOS

    • 2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.73affected · semver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • whatsapp whatsapp2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.73
  • whatsapp whatsapp2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.78
  • whatsapp whatsapp business2.22.25.2 and later · before 2.25.21.78

Same product

whatsapp: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-18426A vulnerability in WhatsApp Desktop versions prior to 0.3.9309 when paired with WhatsApp for iPhone versions prior to 2.20.10 allows…KEV
    82Now
  • CVE-2019-3568A buffer overflow vulnerability in WhatsApp VOIP stack allowed remote code execution via specially crafted series of RTCP packets sent to a…KEV
    78This week
  • CVE-2019-11932A double free vulnerability in the DDGifSlurp function in decoding.c in the android-gif-drawable library before version 1.2.18, as used in…
    48Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-38538Oct 4, 2023 · A race condition in an event subsystem led to a heap use-after-free issue in established audio/video calls that could have resulted in app…
    20Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-30401Apr 5, 2025 · A spoofing issue in WhatsApp for Windows prior to version 2.2450.6 displayed attachments according to their MIME type but selected the file…
    32Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-55179Nov 18, 2025 · Incomplete validation of rich response messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.23.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.23.82, and…
    21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Facebook WhatsApp Business for iOS2.25.21.78Vendor (CNA)
Facebook WhatsApp Desktop for Mac2.25.21.78Vendor (CNA)
Facebook WhatsApp for iOS2.25.21.73Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:72026-04-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02026-11-12

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEV+3 d
  3. First PoC+237 d
  4. TodayNov 14, 2026+441 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-5517981 days apartIncomplete validation of rich response messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.23.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.23.82, and…
    21Monitor

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Not on record for this CVE: patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-863 · Incorrect Authorization

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records