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CVE-2025-54518· NVD / CVE Program· CNA AMD

Improper isolation of shared resources within the CPU operation cache on Zen 2-based products could allow an attacker to corrupt instruction

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.28% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9140; Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9140; Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8755.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9140; Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9140; Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8755 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Improper isolation of shared resources within the CPU operation cache on Zen 2-based products could allow an attacker to corrupt instructions executed at a different privilege level, potentially resulting in privilege escalation.

HighCVSS 7.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 15, 2026
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 20th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · AMD
7.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
enterprise linux8
rhel aus8.4
rhel eus long life8.4
rhel aus8.6
rhel eus long life8.6
rhel tus8.8
rhel e4s8.8
enterprise linux9
rhel e4s9.4
rhel eus9.6
openshift4.12
openshift4.16

and 10 more

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (AMD). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • AMD AMD EPYC™ 7002 Series Processors

    • os kernelnot affected

  • AMD AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7002 Series Processors

    • OS kernelnot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen Embedded V2000A Series Processors

    • EmbeddedV2KAPI-FP6 1.0.0.Anot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Desktop Processors

    • ComboAM4v2 1.2.0.10, ComboAM4PI 1.0.0.10not affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Desktop Processors

    • ComboAM4v2 1.2.0.10not affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics

    • RenoirPI-FP6_1.0.0.Ednot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors with Radeon™ Graphics

    • ComboAM4v2 1.2.0.10not affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics

    • CezannePI-FP6_1.0.1.1d, CezannePI-FP6_1.0.1.1dnot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7020 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics

    • MendocinoPI-FT6_1.0.0.7fnot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ 7030 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics

    • CezannePI-FP6_1.0.1.1dnot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V2000 Series Processors

    • EmbeddedPI-FP6_1.0.0.Dnot affected

  • AMD AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 3000 WX-Series Processors

    • ChagallWSPI-sWRX8-1.0.0.D, CastlePeakWSPI-sWRX8 1.0.0.Inot affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8bpftoolbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernelbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-corebefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-cross-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-develbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-docbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rtbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-corebefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-develbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_104.18.0-553.153.1.rt7.494.el8_10

+96

Same product

amd: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-20599Improper register access control in ASP may allow a privileged attacker to perform unauthorized access to ASP’s Crypto Co-Processor (CCP) re
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2024-21961Improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer in PCIe® Link could allow an attacker with access to a guest virtual
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-36349A transient execution vulnerability in some AMD processors may allow a user process to infer TSC_AUX even when such a read is disabled, pote
    15Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-46772Aug 13, 2024 · Insufficient input validation in the ABL may allow a privileged attacker with access to the BIOS menu or UEFI shell to tamper with the struc
    15Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-36348Jul 8, 2025 · A transient execution vulnerability in some AMD processors may allow a user process to infer the control registers speculatively even if UMI
    15Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems10.0.14393.9140 · KB5087537Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems10.0.14393.9140 · KB5087537Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems10.0.17763.8755 · KB5087538Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems10.0.17763.8755 · KB5087538Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems10.0.19044.7291 · KB5087544Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.19044.7291 · KB5087544Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.19044.7291 · KB5087544Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems10.0.19045.7417 · KB5094127Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.19045.7417 · KB5094127Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.19045.7417 · KB5094127Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.22631.7079 · KB5087420Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.22631.7219 · KB5093998Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.26100.8390 · KB5089466Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.26100.8457 · KB5089549Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.26100.8390 · KB5089466Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.26100.8457 · KB5089549Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.26200.8390 · KB5089466Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.26200.8457 · KB5089549Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.26200.8390 · KB5089466Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems10.0.26200.8457 · KB5089549Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems10.0.28000.2113 · KB5089548Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 26H1 for x64-based Systems - extra10.0.28000.2113 · KB5089548Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 201610.0.14393.9140 · KB5087537Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)10.0.14393.9140 · KB5087537Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 201910.0.17763.8755 · KB5087538Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)10.0.17763.8755 · KB5087538Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 202210.0.20348.4830 · KB5078737Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 202210.0.20348.5139 · KB5087545Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)10.0.20348.4830 · KB5078737Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)10.0.20348.5139 · KB5087545Microsoft (MSRC)

+58

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1189 · Improper Isolation of Shared Resources on System-on-a-Chip (SoC)

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (19 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records