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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-54388: Moby's Firewalld reload makes published container ports accessible from remote hosts

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 20/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.26% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone on the same network segment can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: moby moby 28.3.3.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to moby moby 28.3.3 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Moby is an open source container framework developed by Docker Inc. that is distributed as Docker Engine, Mirantis Container Runtime, and various other downstream projects/products. In versions 28.2.0 through 28.3.2, when the firewalld service is reloaded it removes all iptables rules including those created by Docker. While Docker should automatically recreate these rules, versions before 28.3.3 fail to recreate the specific rules that block external access to containers. This means that after a firewalld reload, containers with ports published to localhost (like 127.0.0.1:8080) become accessible from remote machines that have network routing to the Docker bridge, even though they should only be accessible from the host itself. The vulnerability only affects explicitly published ports - unpublished ports remain protected. This issue is fixed in version 28.3.3.

MediumCVSS 5.1 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 30, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 18th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

20

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
20 / 40 · 5.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
5.1
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-54388

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
mobyprojectmoby

Using moby? Add it to your stack and be the first to know about CVEs like this one. (Docker)

Watch new CVEs for moby

When you'll hear from us

  • when a new CVE affecting this product is published
  • when a record in your stack enters KEV or gets exploit code

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Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

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Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every Monday

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mobyproject moby28.2.0 and later · before 28.3.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • moby moby

    • >= 28.2.0, < 28.3.3affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.22dockerbefore 28.3.3-r028.3.3-r0
Gogithub.com/docker/dockerfrom 28.2.0 · before 28.3.328.3.3
Gogithub.com/docker/dockerfrom 28.2.0+incompatible · before 28.3.3+incompatible28.3.3+incompatible
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dockerbefore 28.3.3_ce-150000.230.128.3.3_ce-150000.230.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6govulncheck-vulndbbefore 0.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.10.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0dockerbefore 28.5.1_ce-160000.4.128.5.1_ce-160000.4.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweeddockerbefore 28.3.3_ce-26.128.3.3_ce-26.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgovulncheck-vulndbbefore 0.0.20250811T192933-1.10.0.20250811T192933-1.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3dockerbefore 28.3.3_ce-150000.230.128.3.3_ce-150000.230.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6govulncheck-vulndbbefore 0.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.10.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSdockerbefore 28.3.3_ce-98.137.128.3.3_ce-98.137.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0dockerbefore 28.5.1_ce-160000.4.128.5.1_ce-160000.4.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0dockerbefore 28.3.3_ce-6.128.3.3_ce-6.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1dockerbefore 28.4.0_ce-slfo.1.1_6.128.4.0_ce-slfo.1.1_6.1

Same product

mobyproject: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-28840moby/moby's dockerd daemon encrypted overlay network may be unauthenticated
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2024-36623moby through v25.0.3 has a Race Condition vulnerability in the streamformatter package which can be used to trigger multiple concurrent writ
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2024-24557Moby classic builder cache poisoning
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-36620Nov 29, 2024 · moby v25.0.0 - v26.0.2 is vulnerable to NULL Pointer Dereference via daemon/images/image_history.go.
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-36621Nov 29, 2024 · moby v25.0.5 is affected by a Race Condition in builder/builder-next/adapters/snapshot/layer.go.
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-54410Jul 30, 2025 · Moby's Firewalld reload removes bridge network isolation
    20Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
moby moby28.3.3 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
alpine:docker28.3.3-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/docker/docker28.3.3Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/docker/docker28.3.3+incompatiblePackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:docker28.3.3_ce-150000.230.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:govulncheck-vulndb0.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:docker28.3.3_ce-150000.230.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)
suse:docker28.3.3_ce-98.137.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:govulncheck-vulndb0.0.20250814T182633-150000.1.98.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-544100 days apartMoby's Firewalld reload removes bridge network isolation
    20Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone on the same network segment can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Adjacent
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-909 · Missing Initialization of Resource

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records