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NVD / CVE Program· CNA canonical

CVE-2025-54289: Privilege Escalation via WebSocket Connection Hijacking in LXD Operations API

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.21% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Canonical LXD 5.21.4, 6.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Canonical LXD 5.21.4, 6.5 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Privilege Escalation in operations API in Canonical LXD <6.5 on multiple platforms allows attacker with read permissions to hijack terminal or console sessions and execute arbitrary commands via WebSocket connection hijacking format

HighCVSS 7.4 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 2, 2025
Updated
Oct 23, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 11th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · canonical
7.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-54289

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
canonicallxd

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • canonical lxd4.0.0 and later · before 5.21.4
  • canonical lxd6.1 and later · before 6.5

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (canonical). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Canonical LXD

    • 6 and later · before 6.5affected · semver
    • 5.21 and later · before 5.21.4affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.23incusbefore 6.0.6-r06.0.6-r0
Debian:12lxdfrom 0—
Debian:13incusbefore 6.0.4-2+deb13u16.0.4-2+deb13u1
Debian:14incusbefore 6.0.5-16.0.5-1
Gogithub.com/canonical/lxdfrom 0—
Gogithub.com/canonical/lxdfrom 0.0.0-20200331193331-03aab09f5b5c · before 0.0.0-20250827065555-0494f5d47e410.0.0-20250827065555-0494f5d47e41
Gogithub.com/canonical/lxdfrom 4.0 · before 5.21.45.21.4
Gogithub.com/canonical/lxdfrom 6.0 · before 6.56.5

Same product

canonical: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-112816Improper certificate validation in the HTTPS listener in LXD
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-87799Arbitrary file write on LXD host via symlink in migration stream
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-85526Path traversal via Btrfs optimized-backup subvolumes[].path enables root file/dir manipulation in LXD
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-54287Oct 2, 2025 · Arbitrary File Read via Template Injection in Snapshot Patterns
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-54288Oct 2, 2025 · Source Container Identification Vulnerability via cmdline Spoofing in devLXD Server
    20Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-54290Oct 2, 2025 · Project Existence Disclosure via Error Handling in LXD Image Export
    27Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Canonical LXD5.21.4Vendor (CNA)
Canonical LXD6.5Vendor (CNA)
alpine:incus6.0.6-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:incus6.0.4-2+deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/canonical/lxd0.0.0-20250827065555-0494f5d47e41Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/canonical/lxd5.21.4Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/canonical/lxd6.5Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2025-542900 days apartProject Existence Disclosure via Error Handling in LXD Image Export
    27Monitor
  • CVE-2025-542880 days apartSource Container Identification Vulnerability via cmdline Spoofing in devLXD Server
    20Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1385 · Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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