CVE-2025-53778· NVD / CVE Program· CNA microsoft

Windows NTLM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 50/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 51.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 98.9% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.10240.21100; Windows 10 for x64-based Systems 10.0.10240.21100; Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.8330.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.10240.21100; Windows 10 for x64-based Systems 10.0.10240.21100; Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.8330 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Auth bypass

BDU:2025-09747

Published: Aug 12, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 51.4% · 98th percentile
CWE: CWE-287

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 15 / 30 · 51.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · microsoft: 8.8; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
microsoft	windows 10 1507	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507
microsoft	windows 10 1607	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607
microsoft	windows 10 1809	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809
microsoft	windows 10 21h2	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2
microsoft	windows 10 22h2	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2
microsoft	windows 11 22h2	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2
microsoft	windows 11 23h2	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2
microsoft	windows 11 24h2	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2
microsoft	windows server 2008	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008
microsoft	windows server 2012	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012
microsoft	windows server 2016	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016
microsoft	windows server 2019	cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019

and 3 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

microsoft windows server 2008all versions
microsoft windows server 2008r2
microsoft windows server 2012all versions
microsoft windows server 2012r2
microsoft windows server 2016before 10.0.14393.8330
microsoft windows server 2019before 10.0.17763.7678
microsoft windows server 2022before 10.0.20348.3989
microsoft windows server 2022 23h2before 10.0.25398.1791
microsoft windows server 2025before 10.0.26100.4851

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (microsoft). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507
- 10.0.10240.0 and later · before 10.0.10240.21100affected
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607
- 10.0.14393.0 and later · before 10.0.14393.8330affected
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809
- 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7678affected
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2
- 10.0.19044.0 and later · before 10.0.19044.6216affected
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2
- 10.0.19045.0 and later · before 10.0.19045.6216affected
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2
- 10.0.22621.0 and later · before 10.0.22621.5768affected
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3
- 10.0.22631.0 and later · before 10.0.22631.5768affected
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2
- 10.0.22631.0 and later · before 10.0.22631.5768affected
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2
- 10.0.26100.0 and later · before 10.0.26100.4946affected
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1
- 6.1.7601.0 and later · before 6.1.7601.27872affected
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
- 6.1.7601.0 and later · before 6.1.7601.27872affected
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2
- 6.0.6003.0 and later · before 6.0.6003.23471affected

Same product

microsoft: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2021-34527Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityKEV
95Now
CVE-2021-40444Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityKEV
94Now
CVE-2025-33053Internet Shortcut Files Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityKEV
91Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-53725Aug 12, 2025 · Windows Push Notifications Apps Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
31Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-53726Aug 12, 2025 · Windows Push Notifications Apps Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
31Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-53789Aug 12, 2025 · Windows StateRepository API Server file Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems	10.0.10240.21100 · KB5063889	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 for x64-based Systems	10.0.10240.21100 · KB5063889	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems	10.0.14393.8330 · KB5063871	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems	10.0.14393.8330 · KB5063871	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems	10.0.17763.7678 · KB5063877	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems	10.0.17763.7678 · KB5063877	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems	10.0.19044.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.19044.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.19044.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems	10.0.19045.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.19045.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.19045.6216 · KB5063709	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.22621.5768 · KB5063875	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.22621.5768 · KB5063875	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.22631.5768 · KB5063875	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.22631.5768 · KB5063875	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.26100.4851 · KB5064010	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems	10.0.26100.4946 · KB5063878	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.26100.4851 · KB5064010	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems	10.0.26100.4946 · KB5063878	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2	6.0.6003.23471 · KB5063888	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)	6.0.6003.23471 · KB5063888	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2	6.0.6003.23471 · KB5063888	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)	6.0.6003.23471 · KB5063888	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1	6.1.7601.27872 · KB5063947	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)	6.1.7601.27872 · KB5063947	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2012	6.2.9200.25622 · KB5063906	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)	6.2.9200.25622 · KB5063906	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2012 R2	6.3.9600.22725 · KB5063950	Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)	6.3.9600.22725 · KB5063950	Microsoft (MSRC)

+13

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-49039273 days apartWindows Task Scheduler Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityKEV
69This week
CVE-2025-5523428 days apartWindows SMB Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
45Plan
CVE-2025-5491828 days apartWindows NTLM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
43Plan
CVE-2025-21349182 days apartWindows Remote Desktop Configuration Service Tampering Vulnerability
27Monitor
CVE-2025-5928063 days apartWindows SMB Client Tampering Vulnerability
12Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2025-531430 days apartMicrosoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
38Monitor
CVE-2025-531440 days apartMicrosoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
37Monitor
CVE-2025-531450 days apartMicrosoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
37Monitor
CVE-2025-531520 days apartDesktop Windows Manager Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
2

3// Route added later skips the middleware
4app.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

1const admin = express.Router();
2admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
3

4admin.post("/config", updateConfig);
5app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Oct 18, 2026, 3:36 AM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53778

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records