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NVD / CVE Program· CNA juniper

CVE-2025-52985: Junos OS Evolved: When a control-plane firewall filter refers to a prefix-list with more than 10 entries it's not matching

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 27/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.29% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 23.2R2-S4-EVO, 23.4R2-S5-EVO, 24.2R2-S1-EVO.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 23.2R2-S4-EVO, 23.4R2-S5-EVO, 24.2R2-S1-EVO or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A Use of Incorrect Operator vulnerability in the Routing Engine firewall of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to bypass security restrictions. When a firewall filter which is applied to the lo0 or re:mgmt interface references a prefix list with 'from prefix-list', and that prefix list contains more than 10 entries, the prefix list doesn't match and packets destined to or from the local device are not filtered. This issue affects firewall filters applied to the re:mgmt interfaces as input and output, but only affects firewall filters applied to the lo0 interface as output. This issue is applicable to IPv4 and IPv6 as a prefix list can contain IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes. This issue affects Junos OS Evolved: * 23.2R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO, * 23.4R2-S3-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO, * 24.2R2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO, * 24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO. This issue doesn't affect Junos OS Evolved versions before 23.2R1-EVO.

MediumCVSS 6.9 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 11, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 22th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

27

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · juniper
5.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-52985

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
juniperjunos os evolved

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • juniper junos os evolved23.2
  • juniper junos os evolved23.4
  • juniper junos os evolved24.2
  • juniper junos os evolved24.4

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (juniper). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved

    • 23.2R2-S3-EVO and later · before 23.2R2-S4-EVOaffected · semver
    • 23.4R2-S3-EVO and later · before 23.4R2-S5-EVOaffected · semver
    • 24.2R2-EVO and later · before 24.2R2-S1-EVOaffected · semver
    • 24.4-EVO and later · before 24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVOaffected · semver

Same product

juniper: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-21902Junos OS Evolved: PTX Series: A vulnerability allows a unauthenticated, network-based attacker to execute code as root
    43Plan
  • CVE-2026-101990Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: A BGP peer causes an rpd crash when flow-spec routes are re-advertised
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-101986Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: J-Web permits pre-authentication CGI execution
    37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21599Jan 9, 2025 · Junos OS Evolved: Receipt of specifically malformed IPv6 packets causes kernel memory exhaustion leading to Denial of Service
    34Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-52954Jul 11, 2025 · Junos OS Evolved: A low-privileged user can execute arbitrary Junos commands and modify the configuration, thereby compromising the system
    34Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-52961Oct 9, 2025 · Junos OS Evolved: PTX Series except PTX10003: An unauthenticated adjacent attacker sending specific valid traffic can cause a memory leak in cfmman leading to F
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved23.2R2-S4-EVOVendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved23.4R2-S5-EVOVendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved24.2R2-S1-EVOVendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved24.4R1-S3-EVO, 24.4R2-EVOVendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-480 · Use of Incorrect Operator

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records