NVD / CVE Program· CNA juniper

CVE-2025-52946: Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: With traceoptions enabled, receipt of malformed AS PATH causes RPD crash

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.51% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: Juniper Networks Junos OS 21.2R3-S9, 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S5; Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 22.4R3-S5-EVO, 23.2R2-S3-EVO, 23.4R2-S4-EVO.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Juniper Networks Junos OS 21.2R3-S9, 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S5; Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 22.4R3-S5-EVO, 23.2R2-S3-EVO, 23.4R2-S4-EVO or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A Use After Free vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an attacker sending a BGP update with a specifically malformed AS PATH to cause rpd to crash, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). Continuous receipt of the malformed AS PATH attribute will cause a sustained DoS condition. On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved platforms, the rpd process will crash and restart when a specifically malformed AS PATH is received within a BGP update and traceoptions are enabled. This issue only affects systems with BGP traceoptions enabled and requires a BGP session to be already established. Systems without BGP traceoptions enabled are not impacted by this issue. This issue affects: Junos OS: * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, * all versions of 21.4, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S6, * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S5, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2; Junos OS Evolved: * All versions before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S3-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, * from 24.2-EVO before 24.2R2-EVO. This is a more complete fix for previously published CVE-2024-39549 (JSA83011).

HighCVSS 8.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

BDU:2025-08761

Published: Jul 11, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.5% · 44th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 34 / 40 · 8.7 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · juniper: 7.5; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
juniper	junos	cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos
juniper	junos os evolved	cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos_os_evolved

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

juniper junosbefore 21.2
juniper junos21.2
juniper junos21.4
juniper junos22.2
juniper junos22.4
juniper junos23.2
juniper junos23.4
juniper junos24.2
juniper junos os evolvedbefore 22.4
juniper junos os evolved22.4
juniper junos os evolved23.2
juniper junos os evolved23.4
juniper junos os evolved24.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (juniper). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Juniper Networks Junos OS
- before 21.2R3-S9affected · semver
- 21.4 and lateraffected · sem
- 22.2 and later · before 22.2R3-S6affected · semver
- 22.4 and later · before 22.4R3-S5affected · semver
- 23.2 and later · before 23.2R2-S3affected · semver
- 23.4 and later · before 23.4R2-S4affected · semver
- 24.2 and later · before 24.2R2affected · semver
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved
- before 22.4R3-S5-EVOaffected · semver
- 23.2-EVO and later · before 23.2R2-S3-EVOaffected · semver
- 23.4-EVO and later · before 23.4R2-S4-EVOaffected · semver
- 24.2-EVO and later · before 24.2R2-EVOaffected · semver

Same product

juniper: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-36845Junos OS: EX and SRX Series: A PHP vulnerability in J-Web allows an unauthenticated to control an important environment variableKEV
98Now
CVE-2023-36846Junos OS: SRX Series: A vulnerability in J-Web allows an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary filesKEV
79This week
CVE-2023-36844Junos OS: EX Series: A PHP vulnerability in J-Web allows an unauthenticated attacker to control important environment variablesKEV
78This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-30660Apr 9, 2025 · Junos OS: MX Series: Decapsulation of specific GRE packets leads to PFE reset
34Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-30661Jul 11, 2025 · Junos OS: Low-privileged user can cause script to run as root, leading to privilege escalation
34Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-52947Jul 11, 2025 · Junos OS: ACX Series: When 'hot-standby' mode is configured for an L2 circuit, interface flap causes the FEB to crash
28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Juniper Networks Junos OS	21.2R3-S9	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS	22.2R3-S6	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS	22.4R3-S5	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS	23.2R2-S3	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS	23.4R2-S4	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS	24.2R2	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved	22.4R3-S5-EVO	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved	23.2R2-S3-EVO	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved	23.4R2-S4-EVO	Vendor (CNA)
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved	24.2R2-EVO	Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-21908188 days apartJunos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Use after free vulnerability In 802.1X authentication daemon can cause crash of the dot1xd process
30Monitor
CVE-2026-21921188 days apartJunos OS and Junos OS Evolved: When telemetry collectors are frequently subscribing and unsubscribing to sensors chassisd or rpd will crash
28Monitor
CVE-2024-30386455 days apartJunos OS and Junos OS Evolved: In a EVPN-VXLAN scenario state changes on adjacent systems can cause an l2ald process crash
28Monitor
CVE-2024-30378451 days apartJunos OS: MX Series: bbe-smgd process crash upon execution of specific CLI commands
27Monitor
CVE-2024-39528365 days apartJunos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Concurrent deletion of a routing-instance and receipt of an SNMP request cause an RPD crash
24Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:09 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100050

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records