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CVE-2025-52886· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Poppler Use After Free Vulnerability

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.44% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: poppler (Debian:12) 22.12.0-2+deb12u3; poppler (Debian:13) 25.03.0-5; poppler (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 25.06.0-1.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to poppler (Debian:12) 22.12.0-2+deb12u3; poppler (Debian:13) 25.03.0-5; poppler (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 25.06.0-1.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Poppler is a PDF rendering library. Versions prior to 25.06.0 use `std::atomic_int` for reference counting. Because `std::atomic_int` is only 32 bits, it is possible to overflow the reference count and trigger a use-after-free. Version 25.06.0 patches the issue.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 2, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 37th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
5.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-52886

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
freedesktoppoppler

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • freedesktop popplerbefore 25.06.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • poppler poppler

    • < 25.06.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12popplerbefore 22.12.0-2+deb12u322.12.0-2+deb12u3
Debian:13popplerbefore 25.03.0-525.03.0-5
openSUSE:Tumbleweedpopplerbefore 25.06.0-1.125.06.0-1.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOSpopplerbefore 22.01.0-150400.3.31.122.01.0-150400.3.31.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOSpopplerbefore 23.01.0-150500.3.20.123.01.0-150500.3.20.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6popplerbefore 0.79.0-150200.3.41.10.79.0-150200.3.41.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6popplerbefore 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6popplerbefore 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6poppler-qt5before 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6poppler-qt5before 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6poppler-qt6before 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6poppler-qt6before 24.03.0-150600.3.16.124.03.0-150600.3.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSpopplerbefore 0.43.0-16.58.20.43.0-16.58.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSpoppler-qtbefore 0.43.0-16.58.20.43.0-16.58.2

Same product

freedesktop: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-9631Poppler 0.74.0 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the CairoRescaleBox.cc downsample_row_box_filter function.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2018-21009Poppler before 0.66.0 has an integer overflow in Parser::makeStream in Parser.cc.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2019-12293In Poppler through 0.76.1, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in JPXStream::init in JPEG2000Stream.cc via data with inconsistent heights
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2019-10872An issue was discovered in Poppler 0.74.0.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2019-9545An issue was discovered in Poppler 0.74.0.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2019-9543An issue was discovered in Poppler 0.74.0.
    36Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:poppler22.12.0-2+deb12u3 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:poppler24.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:poppler-qt524.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:poppler-qt624.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:poppler0.43.0-16.58.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:poppler24.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:poppler-qt0.43.0-16.58.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:poppler-qt524.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:poppler-qt624.03.0-150600.3.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records