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CVE-2025-52881: runc: LSM labels can be bypassed with malicious config using dummy procfs files

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.80% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 56.6% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-16 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.30.10-18; azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-18 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.30.10-18; cbl2 moby-runc 1.1.9-9 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.2.8-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-16 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.30.10-18; azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-18 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.30.10-18; cbl2 moby-runc 1.1.9-9 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.2.8-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers according to the OCI specification. In versions 1.2.7, 1.3.2 and 1.4.0-rc.2, an attacker can trick runc into misdirecting writes to /proc to other procfs files through the use of a racing container with shared mounts (we have also verified this attack is possible to exploit using a standard Dockerfile with docker buildx build as that also permits triggering parallel execution of containers with custom shared mounts configured). This redirect could be through symbolic links in a tmpfs or theoretically other methods such as regular bind-mounts. While similar, the mitigation applied for the related CVE, CVE-2019-19921, was fairly limited and effectively only caused runc to verify that when LSM labels are written they are actually procfs files. This issue is fixed in versions 1.2.8, 1.3.3, and 1.4.0-rc.3.

HighCVSS 7.3 · v4.0—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Nov 6, 2025
Updated
Oct 7, 2026
EPSS
0.8% · 56th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
7.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-52881

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxfoundationrunc

Using runc? Add it to your stack and be the first to know about CVEs like this one. (Docker)

Watch new CVEs for runc

When you'll hear from us

  • when a new CVE affecting this product is published
  • when a record in your stack enters KEV or gets exploit code

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Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linuxfoundation runcbefore 1.2.8
  • linuxfoundation runc1.3.0 and later · before 1.3.3
  • linuxfoundation runc1.4.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • opencontainers runc

    • <= 1.2.7, < 1.2.8, <= 1.3.2, < 1.3.3, <= 1.4.0-rc.2, < 1.4.0-rc.3affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10buildahbefore 2:1.41.6-1.el10_12:1.41.6-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10buildah-testsbefore 2:1.41.6-1.el10_12:1.41.6-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10podman-dockerbefore 7:5.6.0-6.el10_17:5.6.0-6.el10_1
AlmaLinux:8aardvark-dnsbefore 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4023+db236c532:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4023+db236c53
AlmaLinux:8aardvark-dnsbefore 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe
AlmaLinux:8aardvark-dnsbefore 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c42:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4
AlmaLinux:8aardvark-dnsbefore 2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb72:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7
AlmaLinux:8buildahbefore 2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4023+db236c532:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4023+db236c53
AlmaLinux:8buildahbefore 2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4082+f7f0c95e2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4082+f7f0c95e
AlmaLinux:8buildahbefore 2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe
AlmaLinux:8buildahbefore 2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf82:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf8
AlmaLinux:8buildahbefore 2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c42:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4
AlmaLinux:8buildah-testsbefore 2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe2:1.33.13-1.module_el8.10.0+4089+ce72bbbe
AlmaLinux:8buildah-testsbefore 2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c42:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4
AlmaLinux:8buildah-testsbefore 2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f
AlmaLinux:8cockpit-podmanbefore 84.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf884.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf8
AlmaLinux:8conmonbefore 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f
AlmaLinux:8conmonbefore 3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf63:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf6
AlmaLinux:8container-selinuxbefore 2:2.229.0-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb72:2.229.0-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7
AlmaLinux:8containernetworking-pluginsbefore 1:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f1:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f
AlmaLinux:8containernetworking-pluginsbefore 1:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf81:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf8
AlmaLinux:8containernetworking-pluginsbefore 1:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c41:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4047+545787c4
AlmaLinux:8containers-commonbefore 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3876+e55593a82:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3876+e55593a8
AlmaLinux:8containers-commonbefore 2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf62:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf6

+96

Same product

linuxfoundation: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-21626runc container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds
    40Plan
  • CVE-2021-30465runc before 1.0.0-rc95 allows a Container Filesystem Breakout via Directory Traversal.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2025-52565container escape due to /dev/console mount and related races
    33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-45310Sep 3, 2024 · runc can be confused to create empty files/directories on the host
    14Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-31133Nov 6, 2025 · runc container escape via "masked path" abuse due to mount race conditions
    29Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-41579Jul 1, 2026 · runc: Malicious image with /dev symlink can trigger limited host filesystem integrity violations
    13Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-16 on Azure Linux 3.01.30.10-18 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kubernetes 1.30.10-18 on Azure Linux 3.01.30.10-18 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 moby-runc 1.1.9-9 on CBL Mariner 2.01.2.8-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:aardvark-dns2:1.10.1-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:buildah2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4023+db236c53 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:buildah-tests2:1.33.12-2.module_el8.10.0+4068+0e21408f · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:cockpit-podman84.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf8 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:conmon3:2.1.10-1.module_el8.10.0+3970+8445edf6 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:container-selinux2:2.229.0-2.module_el8.10.0+3909+6e1c1eb7 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:containernetworking-plugins1:1.4.0-6.module_el8.10.0+4016+efd18bf8 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:containers-common2:1-82.module_el8.10.0+3876+e55593a8 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:crit3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3901+4b80ecd7 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:criu3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3926+f12484f5 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:podman-docker7:5.6.0-6.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:runc4:1.2.5-3.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:runc1.3.3+ds1-2 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/opencontainers/runc1.2.8Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/opencontainers/runc1.3.3Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/opencontainers/runc1.4.0-rc.3Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/opencontainers/selinux1.13.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:alloy1.12.2-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:buildah1.35.5-150500.3.45.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:incus6.17-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:podman4.9.5-150500.3.56.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:runc1.2.7-150000.80.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:aardvark-dns2:1.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+23647+cfd78660 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:podman7:5.6.0-6.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:podman-debuginfo7:5.6.0-6.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:podman-debugsource7:5.6.0-6.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:podman-docker7:5.6.0-6.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1Package registry (OSV)

+26

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:142025-11-11

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+4 d
  3. TodayNov 3, 2026+361 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-525650 days apartcontainer escape due to /dev/console mount and related races
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2025-311330 days apartrunc container escape via "masked path" abuse due to mount race conditions
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2024-45310429 days apartrunc can be confused to create empty files/directories on the host
    14Monitor
  • CVE-2026-41579237 days apartrunc: Malicious image with /dev symlink can trigger limited host filesystem integrity violations
    13Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
A
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-61 · UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (18 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records