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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-49581: XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.59% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store (Maven) 16.4.7, 16.10.3, 17.0.0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store (Maven) 16.4.7, 16.10.3, 17.0.0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.

HighCVSS 8.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jun 13, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 48th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
8.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-49581

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
xwikixwiki

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • xwiki xwiki11.10.11 and later · before 12.0
  • xwiki xwiki12.6.3 and later · before 12.7
  • xwiki xwiki12.8 and later · before 16.4.7
  • xwiki xwiki16.5.0 and later · before 16.10.3
  • xwiki xwiki17.0.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • xwiki xwiki-platform

    • >= 11.10.11, < 12.0, >= 12.6.3, < 12.7, >= 12.8-rc-1, < 16.4.7, >= 16.5.0-rc-1, < 16.10.3, >= 17.0.0-rc-1, < 17.0.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavenorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-storefrom 11.10.11—
Mavenorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-storefrom 12.6.3—
Mavenorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-storefrom 12.8-rc-1 · before 16.4.716.4.7
Mavenorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-storefrom 16.5.0-rc-1 · before 16.10.316.10.3
Mavenorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-storefrom 17.0.0-rc-1 · before 17.0.017.0.0

Same product

xwiki: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-24893Remote code execution as guest via SolrSearchMacros request in xwikiKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2024-21650XWiki Remote Code Execution vulnerability via user registration
    67This week
  • CVE-2023-46731Remote code execution through the section parameter in Administration as guest in XWiki Platform
    66This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-56158Jun 12, 2025 · XWiki allows SQL injection in query endpoint of REST API with Oracle
    37Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-49580Jun 13, 2025 · XWiki allows privilege escalation through link refactoring
    34Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-49582Jun 13, 2025 · XWiki's required right warnings for macros are incomplete
    34Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Maven:org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store16.10.3Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store16.4.7Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store17.0.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-5383631 days apartXWiki Rendering is vulnerable to RCE attacks when processing nested macros
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2024-37899358 days apartDisabling a user account changes its author, allowing RCE from user account in XWiki
    32Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records