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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2025-48965: Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a NULL pointer dereference because mbedtls_asn1_store_named_data can trigger conflicting data with val.p of NULL b

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.57% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: mbedtls (Alpine:v3.20) 3.6.4-r0; mbedtls (Debian:11) 2.16.9-0.1+deb11u2; mbedtls (Debian:13) 3.6.4-1.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.0, NVD 7.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to mbedtls (Alpine:v3.20) 3.6.4-r0; mbedtls (Debian:11) 2.16.9-0.1+deb11u2; mbedtls (Debian:13) 3.6.4-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a NULL pointer dereference because mbedtls_asn1_store_named_data can trigger conflicting data with val.p of NULL but val.len greater than zero.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 20, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 47th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.5
CNA · mitre
4.0
3.5 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-48965

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
armmbed tls

Check your server's TLS configuration

The Mbed TLS version can't be seen from outside; the free SSL checker tests your certificate, enabled TLS versions and weak ciphers. Confirm the version on your server with the package manager.

Run the SSL check

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • arm mbed tlsbefore 3.6.4

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mbed mbedtls

    • before 3.6.4affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.20mbedtlsbefore 3.6.4-r03.6.4-r0
Debian:11mbedtlsbefore 2.16.9-0.1+deb11u22.16.9-0.1+deb11u2
Debian:12mbedtlsfrom 0—
Debian:13mbedtlsbefore 3.6.4-13.6.4-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0mbedtlsbefore 3.6.6-bp160.1.13.6.6-bp160.1.1

Same product

arm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-47917Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 allows a use-after-free in certain situations of applications that are developed in accordance with the documentation.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2021-44732Mbed TLS before 3.0.1 has a double free in certain out-of-memory conditions, as demonstrated by an mbedtls_ssl_set_session() failure.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-18187In ARM mbed TLS before 2.7.0, there is a bounds-check bypass through an integer overflow in PSK identity parsing in the ssl_parse_client_psk
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-52496Jul 4, 2025 · Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a race condition in AESNI detection if certain compiler optimizations occur.
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-52497Jul 4, 2025 · Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a PEM parsing one-byte heap-based buffer underflow, in mbedtls_pem_read_buffer and two mbedtls_pk_parse functions,
    19Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-54764Oct 20, 2025 · Mbed TLS before 3.6.5 allows a local timing attack against certain RSA operations, and direct calls to mbedtls_mpi_mod_inv or mbedtls_mpi_gc
    24Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 qemu 10.1.0-1 on Azure Linux 3.0—Microsoft (MSRC)
alpine:mbedtls3.6.4-r0 · Alpine:v3.20Package registry (OSV)
debian:mbedtls3.6.4-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mbedtls3.6.6-bp160.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-696 · Incorrect Behavior Order

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records