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NVD / CVE Program· CNA talos

CVE-2025-48429: An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the RLECodec::DecodeByStreams functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 36/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.43% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: gdcm (Debian:14) 3.0.24-11.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to gdcm (Debian:14) 3.0.24-11 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the RLECodec::DecodeByStreams functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024. A specially crafted DICOM file can lead to leaking heap data. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

CriticalCVSS 9.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 16, 2025
Updated
Oct 13, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 37th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

36

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
36 / 40 · 9.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.1
CNA · talos
7.4
1.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-48429

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
malaterregrassroots dicom

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • malaterre grassroots dicom3.0.24

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (talos). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Grassroot DICOM Grassroot DICOM

    • 3.024affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12gdcmfrom 0—
Debian:14gdcmbefore 3.0.24-113.0.24-11

Same product

malaterre: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2015-8396Integer overflow in the ImageRegionReader::ReadIntoBuffer function in MediaStorageAndFileFormat/gdcmImageRegionReader.cxx in Grassroots DICO
    45Plan
  • CVE-2024-22391A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the LookupTable::SetLUT functionality of Mathieu Malaterre Grassroot DICOM 3.0.23.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2024-22373An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the JPEG2000Codec::DecodeByStreamsCommon functionality of Mathieu Malaterre Grassroot DICOM 3
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2015-8397Jan 12, 2016 · The JPEGLSCodec::DecodeExtent function in MediaStorageAndFileFormat/gdcmJPEGLSCodec.cxx in Grassroots DICOM (aka GDCM) before 2.6.2 allows r
    33Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-25569Apr 25, 2024 · An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the RAWCodec::DecodeBytes functionality of Mathieu Malaterre Grassroot DICOM 3.0.23.
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-52582Dec 16, 2025 · An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Overlay::GrabOverlayFromPixelData functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024.
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:gdcm3.0.24-11 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-536180 days apartAn out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the JPEGBITSCodec::InternalCode functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-536190 days apartAn out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the JPEGBITSCodec::InternalCode functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-525820 days apartAn out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the Overlay::GrabOverlayFromPixelData functionality of Grassroot DICOM 3.024.
    30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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