NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-47790: Nextcloud Server doesn't request second factor after session timeout

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.39% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. A user must open a link or visit a page. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.

Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Nextcloud Server is a self hosted personal cloud system. Nextcloud Server prior to 29.0.15, 30.0.9, and 31.0.3 and Nextcloud Enterprise Server prior to 26.0.13.15, 27.1.11.15, 28.0.14.6, 29.0.15, 30.0.9, and 31.0.3 have a bug with session handling. The bug caused skipping the second factor confirmation after a successful login with the username and password when the server was configured with `remember_login_cookie_lifetime` set to `0`, once the session expired on the page to select the second factor and the page is reloaded. Nextcloud Server 29.0.15, 30.0.9, and 31.0.3 and Nextcloud Enterprise Server is upgraded to 26.0.13.15, 27.1.11.15, 28.0.14.6, 29.0.15, 30.0.9 and 31.0.3 contain a patch. As a workaround, set the `remember_login_cookie_lifetime` in config.php to a value other than `0`, e.g. `900`. Beware that this is only a workaround for new sessions created after the configuration change. System administration can delete affected sessions.

MediumCVSS 6.4 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded

Auth bypass

Published: May 16, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 33th percentile
CWE: CWE-287

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 25 / 40 · 6.4 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 6.4; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
No fixed version yet

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
nextcloud	nextcloud server	cpe:2.3:a:nextcloud:nextcloud_server

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

nextcloud nextcloud server26.0.0 and later · before 26.0.13.15
nextcloud nextcloud server27.0.0 and later · before 27.1.11.15
nextcloud nextcloud server28.0.0 and later · before 28.0.14.6
nextcloud nextcloud server29.0.0 and later · before 29.0.15
nextcloud nextcloud server30.0.0 and later · before 30.0.9
nextcloud nextcloud server31.0.0 and later · before 31.0.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

nextcloud security-advisories
- >= 26.0.0, < 26.0.13.15, >= 27.0.0, < 27.1.11.15, >= 28.0.0, < 28.0.14.6, >= 29.0.0, < 29.0.15, >= 30.0.0, < 30.0.9, >= 31.0.0, < 31.0.3affected

Same product

nextcloud: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-26482Scope of workflow operations is not validated in nextcloud server
40Plan
CVE-2021-32802Preview generation used third-party library not suited for user-generated content in Nextcloud server
40Plan
CVE-2021-32726Webauthn tokens not removed after user has been deleted
40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-52513Nov 15, 2024 · Nextcloud Server's Attachments folder for Text app is accessible on "Files drop" and "Password protected" shares
17Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2024-52514Nov 15, 2024 · Nextcloud Server allows users to copy folder that contain files that are blocked by the files access control
14Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-47791May 16, 2025 · Nextcloud Server's test remote endpoint is not rate limited
21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

nextcloud/serverPR 51905

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-37313336 days apartNextcloud server allows the by-pass the second factor
30Monitor
CVE-2026-45690381 days apartNextcloud: Two-Factor Authentication Bypass via Pending Session Token Replay
23Monitor
CVE-2026-45691381 days apartNextcloud: Bypass of second factor authentication on DAV endpoints
23Monitor
CVE-2024-52518182 days apartNextcloud Server is missing password confirmation when changing external storage options
21Monitor
CVE-2026-45283381 days apartNextcloud: Files Lock app allows users to lock and unlock files of other users
17Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

NextcloudHackerOne · paid

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: none

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: High
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
2

3// Route added later skips the middleware
4app.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

1const admin = express.Router();
2admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
3

4admin.post("/config", updateConfig);
5app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-9h3w-f3h4-qqrh

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records