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NVD / CVE Program· CNA apache

CVE-2025-46647: Apache APISIX: improper validation of issuer from introspection discovery url in plugin openid-connect

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 21/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.48% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX 3.12.0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX 3.12.0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability of plugin openid-connect in Apache APISIX. This vulnerability will only have an impact if all of the following conditions are met: 1. Use the openid-connect plugin with introspection mode 2. The auth service connected to openid-connect provides services to multiple issuers 3. Multiple issuers share the same private key and relies only on the issuer being different If affected by this vulnerability, it would allow an attacker with a valid account on one of the issuers to log into the other issuer. This issue affects Apache APISIX: until 3.12.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.12.0 or higher.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 2, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 41th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

21

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
apacheapisix

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apache apisixbefore 3.12.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX

    • before 3.12.0affected · semver

Same product

apache: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-24112apisix/batch-requests plugin allows overwriting the X-REAL-IP headerKEV
    98Now
  • CVE-2020-13945In Apache APISIX, the user enabled the Admin API and deleted the Admin API access IP restriction rules.
    48Plan
  • CVE-2022-25757Apache APISIX: the body_schema check in request-validation plugin can be bypassed
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-29266Apr 20, 2022 · apisix/jwt-auth may leak secrets in error response
    32Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-32638May 2, 2024 · Apache APISIX: Forward-Auth Request Smuggling
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-27446Jul 6, 2025 · Apache APISIX Java Plugin Runner: Local listening file permissions in APISIX plugin runner allow a local attacker to elevate privileges
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX3.12.0Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-302 · Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records